Surah Al Hashr ayat 5 Tafsir Quran 59:5

﴿مَا قَطَعْتُم مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَائِمَةً عَلَىٰ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِيَ الْفَاسِقِينَ﴾
[ الحشر: 5]

59:5 Whatever you have cut down of [their] palm trees or left standing on their trunks - it was by permission of Allah and so He would disgrace the defiantly disobedient.

Whatever palm-trees you cut down O Muslims or left standing on their roots it was by God’s leave He gave you the choice in this matter and in order that by giving you leave to cut them down He might disgrace those who are immoral the Jews in return for their objection that the cutting down of productive trees was deliberate spoiling of the land.

No tree, palm tree or any tree, you Muslims uproot or you leave standing on its root, but is in accordance with Allahs leave so that He brings disgrace upon those who are wicked

Which was revealed in Al-Madinah Ibn `Abbas used to call this chapter, `Surah Bani An-Nadir.' Sa`id bin Mansur recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "I asked Ibn `Abbas about Surat Al-Hashr and he said, `It was revealed about Bani An-Nadir."' Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded it using another chain of narration from Ibn `Abbas.
Al-Bukhari also recorded it from Abu `Awanah, from Abu Bishr from Sa`id bin Jubayr, who said, "I asked Ibn `Abbas, `Surat Al-Hashr' He said, `Surah Bani An-Nadir."' بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Everything glorifies Allah in its own Way Allah states that everything that exists in the heavens and on the earth praises, glorifies, reveres and prays to Him and affirms His Oneness.
Allah said in another Ayah, تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَـوَتُ السَّبْعُ وَالاٌّرْضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّ وَإِن مِّن شَىْءٍ إِلاَّ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدَهِ وَلَـكِن لاَّ تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ ( The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein, glorify Him and there is not a thing but glorifies His praise.
But you understand not their glorification. )( 17:44 ) Allah's statement, وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ ( And He is the Almighty ) meaning of invincible majesty, الْحَكِيمُ ( the All-Wise. ) in what He decrees and legislates. The End that Bani An-Nadir suffered Allah said, هُوَ الَّذِى أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ ( He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture ) referring to the Jewish tribe of Bani An-Nadir, according to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Az-Zuhri and several others.
When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ migrated to Al-Madinah, he made a peace treaty with the Jews stipulating that he would not fight them and they would not fight him.
They soon betrayed the treaty that they made with Allah's Messenger ﷺ.
Therefore, Allah sent His torment down on them; it can never be averted, and His appointed destiny touched them; it can never be resisted.
The Prophet forced them to evacuate and abandon their fortified forts that Muslims did not think they would ever control.
The Jews thought that their fortifications will save them from Allah's torment, but they did not help them against Allah in the least.
Then, that which they did not expect came to them from Allah, and Allah's Messenger ﷺ forced them to leave Al-Madinah.
Some of them went to Adhri`at in the area of Ash-Sham, which is the area of the grand Gathering and Resurrection, while others went to Khaybar.
The Prophet allowed them to evacuate their forts and take whatever their camels could carry.
They destroyed the property that they could not carry.
This is why Allah the Exalted said, يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاعْتَبِرُواْ يأُوْلِى الاٌّبْصَـرِ ( they demolished their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers Then take admonition, O you with eyes. ) meaning, "Contemplate the end of those who defied Allah's command, contradicted His Messenger and denied His Book.
See how Allah's humiliating torment struck them in this life, as well as, the painful torment that Allah has reserved for them in the Hereafter." Abu Dawud recorded that `Abdur-Rahman bin Ka`b bin Malik said that one of the Prophet's Companions said, "The Quraysh idolators wrote to `Abdullah bin Ubayy and those who were still worshipping idols among the tribes of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in Al-Madinah at the time, before the battle of Badr occurred.
They wrote: `You have given refuge to our citizen.
We swear by Allah, you should fight him, or we will expel you or gather all our forces, until we kill your soldiers and take your women captive.' When the news of this threat reached `Abdullah bin Ubayy and the idolators of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj, they prepared to fight the Prophet .
The news of this reached the Prophet and he went to them saying,
«لَقَدْ بَلَغَ وَعِيدُ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْكُمُ الْمَبَالِغَ، مَا كَانَتْ تَكِيدُكُمْ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا تُرِيدُ أَن تَكِيدُوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَكُمْ، تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُم»
( The threat of the Quraysh has caused you extreme anxiety! The Quraysh cannot cause you more harm than what you will cause yourselves by your actions.
Do you want to fight your children and brethren ) When they heard these words from the Prophet , they dis- persed and the news of what happened reached the Quraysh idolators.
After the battle of Badr, the Quraysh idolators wrote to the Jews of Al-Madinah, `You have armor and forts! You should fight our citizen or we will do such and such to you, and nothing will prevent us from acquiring your women.'The news of this letter also reached the Prophet and Bani An-Nadir intended to betray their treaty.
Bani An-Nadir sent a message to the Prophet asking him to come with thirty of his Companions to meet thirty of their rabbis half way, from either side.
They said that the rabbis would listen to the Prophet and if they believe in him, the rest of Bani An-Nadir would believe.
They intended to kill the Messenger , and Allah informed His Messenger of this plot before they could harm him.
The next day, the Prophet gathered his forces and laid siege to their area, saying to them,
«إِنَّكُمْ وَاللهِ لَا تَأْمَنُونَ عِنْدِي إِلَّا بِعَهْدٍ تُعَاهِدُونَنِي عَلَيْه»
( By Allah ! You will not be safe until and unless you renew your peace treaty with me. ) They refused to do so, and the Prophet fought them the rest of that day.
The next morning, the Prophet laid siege to the tribe of Bani Qurayzah and left Bani An-Nadir alone that day.
The Prophet ordered Bani Qurayzah to sign a new treaty of peace, and they accepted.
The Prophet left Bani Qurayzah and went back to Bani An-Nadir with his forces and fought them until they agreed to surrender in return for safe passage out of Al-Madinah.
Bani An-Nadir evacuated Al-Madinah and took with them all whatever their camels could carry from their furniture, including even the wood and the doors to their houses.
The date trees of Bani An-Nadir were granted to the Messenger by Allah when He said, وَمَآ أَفَآءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَآ أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلاَ رِكَابٍ ( And what Allah gave as booty to His Messenger from them -- for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry ) that is, what you earned without a fight.
The Prophet divided most of their trees between the emigrants and gave to only two men who were poor from Al-Ansar.
He did not give the Ansar any of it, except for these two men.
The Prophet kept a part of the war booty for himself and that part of charity of the Prophet was transferred to the administration of his daughter's children, i.e., children of Fatimah." However, let us summarize the battle of Bani An-Nadir here.
From Allah alone we seek help. The Reason behind the Battle of Bani An-Nadir After the seventy Companions whom the Prophet sent to teach the Qur'an were killed at the area of Bi'r Ma`unah, excluding `Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri, who killed two men from the tribe of Bani `Amir on his way back to Al-Madinah.
He did not know that these two men had a promise of safe passage from Allah's Messenger ﷺ.
When he went back to Al-Madinah, he told the Prophet what happened and the Prophet said,
«لَقَدْ قَتَلْتَ رَجُلَيْنِ لَأَدِيَنَّهُمَا»
( You have killed two men, I shall pay the blood money for them. ) Bani An-Nadir and Bani `Amir were allies and had treaties.
The Prophet asked Bani An-Nadir to help pay the blood money for the two dead men.
The area of Bani An-Nadir was in a suburb of Al-Madinah, a few miles to the east.
In his book of Sirah, Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said; "Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to Bani An-Nadir to ask them for financial help to pay the blood money of the two men from Bani `Amir, who were killed by `Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri.
They had a promise of safe passage from the Prophet according to the ( subnarrator ) Yazid bin Ruman.
Bani An-Nadir and Bani `Amir had a treaty and were allies.
When Allah's Messenger ﷺ went to Bani An-Nadir asking them for help to pay the blood money for the two men, they said, `Yes, O Abu Al-Qasim! We will help you, since you asked us for help.' Yet, when they met each other in secret, they said, `You will not find a better chance with this man than this,' while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting next to a wall of one of their houses.
They said, `Who will ascend this wall and drop a stone on this man and rid us of his trouble' `Amr bin Jihash bin Ka`b volunteered and ascended the wall of the house to drop a stone on the Messenger .
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting with several of his Companions, such as Abu Bakr, `Umar and `Ali.
The news of this plot was conveyed to the Prophet from heaven, and he stood up and went back to Al-Madinah.
When the Companions thought that the Messenger was absent for a long time, they went to see where he was and saw a man coming from Al-Madinah.
They asked him, and he said that he saw the Prophet enter Al-Madinah.
The Messenger's Companions went to him, and he told them the news of the betraying plot that the Jews planned against him.
He ordered them to prepare for war and to march forth to Bani An-Nadir.
The Prophet gathered his forces and marched to the area of Bani An-Nadir, who had taken refuge in their fortified forts.
The Messenger ﷺ ordered their date trees be cut down and burned.
The Jews heralded at the Prophet, `O Muhammad! You used to forbid mischief in the earth and blame those who did it.
Why is it that you had the date trees cut down and burned' Meanwhile, `Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, Wadi`ah, Malik bin Abi Qawqal, Suwayd, Da`is and several other men who all belonged to the tribe of Al-Khazraj bin Bani `Awf, sent a message to Bani An-Nadir saying, `Be firm and strong.
We will never abandon you.
If you are fought against, we will fight along with you and if you are forced to leave Al-Madinah, we will accompany you.' The Jews waited for this claim of support, but the hypocrites did not deliver.
Allah cast terror in the hearts of the Jews.
They asked the Messenger to allow them safe passage out of Al-Madinah and to spare their lives.
In return, they would only take what their camels could carry, except for weapons.
The Prophet agreed.
The Jews collected all the wealth their camels could transport.
One of the Jews would demolish his own house around its door, so that he could carry the door on the back of his camel.
Bani An-Nadir moved to Khaybar, and some of them went to Ash-Sham.
They left all that remained behind for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who had control over how it was to be divided.
The Prophet divided it between the emigrants and none of Al-Ansar got a share, except for Sahl bin Hunayf and Abu Dujanah Simak bin Kharashah.
They said that they were poor and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave them their share.
Only two men from Bani An-Nadir embraced Islam, Yamin bin Umayr bin Ka`b bin `Amr bin Jihash and Abu Sa`d bin Wahb and they saved their wealth due to their acceptance of Islam." Ibn Ishaq continued, "Some of the offspring of Yamin narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Yamin,
«أَلَمْ تَرَ مَا لَقِيتُ مِنَ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ وَمَا هَمَّ بِهِ مِنْ شَأْنِي؟»
( Have you not heard what your cousin plotted to do against me ) Yamin bin `Umayr promised someone a reward if he killed his cousin `Amr bin Jihash, and someone killed him, according to their claim" Ibn Ishaq then said, "All of Surat Al-Hashr was revealed about Bani An-Nadir.
" A similar story was recorded by Yunus bin Bukayr from Ibn Ishaq.
Allah's statement, هُوَ الَّذِى أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ ( He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture ) refers to Bani An-Nadir, مِن دِيَـرِهِمْ لاًّوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ( from their homes at the first gathering. ) Allah said, مَا ظَنَنتُمْ أَن يَخْرُجُواْ ( You did not think that they would get out. ) i.e., within the few days you laid siege against them.
The Companions had surrounded their forts for only six days, and their forts were fortified and formidable.
This is why Allah the Exalted said, وَظَنُّواْ أَنَّهُمْ مَّانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ فَأَتَـهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُواْ ( And they thought that their fortresses would defend them from Allah! But Allah reached them from a place where they expected it not. ) meaning, there came to them from Allah what they did not expect or anticipate.
Allah said in another Ayah, قَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَى اللَّهُ بُنْيَـنَهُمْ مِّنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَأَتَـهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لاَ يَشْعُرُونَ ( Those before them indeed plotted, but Allah struck at the foundation of their building, and then the roof fell down upon them, from above them, and the torment overtook them from directions they did not perceive. )( 16:26 ) Allah said, وَقَذَفَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ ( and He cast terror into their hearts ) means, Allah cast fear, terror and fright in their hearts, and why would that not happen to them He who was given victory, by Allah frightening his enemies the distance of a month, laid siege to them.
May Allah's peace and blessings be on the Prophet.
As in Ibn Ishaq's explanation -- which preceded; يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( that they demolished their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers. ) the Jews brought down what they wanted to transport from their roofs and doors, so that they could carry them on camels.
Similar was said by `Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and several others.
Allah's statement, وَلَوْلاَ أَن كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجَلاَءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِى الدُّنْيَا ( And had it not been that Allah had decreed exile for them, He would certainly have punished them in this world; ) meaning, if it was not for the fact that Allah had already decreed that they would evacuate Al-Madinah, leaving behind their homes and wealth, He would have sent another type of punishment upon them, such as being killed and captured.
This was said by Az-Zuhri.
`Urwah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said that Allah decreed that the Jews would be punished in the life of this world and face the torment of the fire of Hell He prepared for them in the Hereafter.
Allah said, وَلَهُمْ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ عَذَابُ النَّارِ ( and in the Hereafter theirs shall be the torment of the Fire. ) meaning, it is a matter ordained that they will surely face, ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَآقُّواْ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ( That is because they opposed Allah and His Messenger. ) means, Allah prepared this specific punishment and sent His Messenger and his Companions against them, because they defied Allah and His Messenger and denied the good news that Allah sent forth in the Books of previous Messengers regarding the coming of Muhammad ﷺ.
The Jews knew these facts about Muhammad ﷺ just as they knew their own children.
Allah said, وَمَن يُشَآقِّ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ( And whosoever opposes Allah, then verily, Allah is Severe in punishment. ) The Prophet Cut down the Date Trees of the Jews by the Leave of Allah Allah said, مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious. ) Linah is an especially good type of date tree.
Abu `Ubaydah said that Linah is a different kind of dates than `Ajwah and Barni.
Several others said that Linah refers to every type of date fruits, except for the `Ajwah ( ripen dates ), while Ibn Jarir said that it refers to all kinds of date trees.
Ibn Jarir quoted Mujahid saying that it also includes the Buwayrah type.
When the Messenger of Allah laid siege to Bani An-Nadir, to humiliate them and bring fear and terror to their hearts, he ordered their date trees to be cut down.
Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated that Yazid bin Ruman, Qatadah and Muqatil bin Hayyan said, "Bani An-Nadir sent a message to the Messenger , saying that he used to outlaw mischief in the earth, so why did he order that their trees be cut down Allah sent down this honorable Ayah stating that whatever Linah was felled or left intact by the Muslims, has been done by His permission, will, leave and pleasure to humiliate and disgrace the enemy and degrade them." Mujahid said, "Some of the emigrants discouraged others from chopping down the date trees of Jews, saying that they were war spoils for Muslims.
The Qur'an approved of the actions of those who discouraged and those who approved of cutting these trees, stating that those who cut them or did not, did so only by Allah's leave." There is also a Hadith narrated from the Prophet with this meaning.
An-Nasa'i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah's statement, مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious. ) "They forced them to come down from their forts and were ordered to cut their trees cut down.
So the Muslims hesitated, and some of them said, `We cut down some and left some.
We must ask Allah's Messenger ﷺ if we will earn a reward for what we cut and if we will be burdened for what we left intact.' Allah sent down this Ayah, t مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah )." Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered that the date trees of Bani An-Nadir be cut down and burned.
The Two Sahihs collected a similar narration.
Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar said,"Bani An-Nadir and Bani Qurayzah fought ( against the Prophet ), and the Prophet exiled Bani An-Nadir and allowed Bani Qurayzah to remain in their area until later, when the Prophet fought against Qurayzah.
Their men were executed and their women, children and wealth were confiscated and divided among Muslims.
Some of them, however, were saved because they returned to the Prophet's side, who granted them asylum, and they embraced Islam.
All of the Jews of Al-Madinah, Bani Qaynuqa`, the tribe of `Abdullah bin Salam, Bani Harithah and the rest of the Jewish tribes in Al-Madinah were exiled." The Two Sahihs also recorded from Ibn `Umar that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ burned down the date trees of Bani An-Nadir and had them cut down the date palms of Al-Buwayrah.
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored revealed this Ayah, مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious. )" Muhammad bin Ishaq reported that the battle of Bani An-Nadir occurred after the battles of Uhud and Bi'r Ma`unah.

(59:5) The palm-trees that you cut down or those that you left standing on their roots, it was by Allah's leave that you did so. *9 (Allah granted you this leave) in order that He might humiliate the evil-doers. *10

Whatever you have cut down of [their] meaning

*9) The reference is to the fact that the Muslims cut down or burnt many of the palm-trees that stood in the oases around the settlement of the Bani an Nadir in order to facilitate the siege, However, they left those trees standing which did not obstruct the military operations.
At this the hypocrites of Madinah and the Bani Quraizah, and the Bani an-Nadir themselves, raised a clamour, saying that, on the one hand, Muhammad ( upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings ) prohibited spreading disorder in the world, but, on the other, fruit trees were being cut down by his command, which amounted to spreading disorder in the world.
At this AI-Hashr AIIah ,sent down the Command: 'Whatever trees you cut down, or whatever you left standing, your neither act was unlawful, but it had Allah's permission." The legal injunction that is derived from this verse is that the destruction caused for the sake of military operations does not come under "spreading disorder in the world.
" But spreading disorder in the world is that an army under the fit of war hysteria .should intrude into the enemy territory and start destroying the crops, cattle.
gardens, houses and everything in its way without any reason.
In this matter.
the general instruction is the same which Hadrat Abu Bakr Siddiq gave while despatching the Muslim army to Syria: "Do not cut down friut trees; do not destroy crops; do not ravage the settlements." This was precisely in accordance with the Qur'anic teaching, which condemns those who spread chaos; 'When they get power they direct aII their efforts towards spreading corruption in the land, destroying harvests and killing people. " ( AI-Baqarah: 205 ).
But the specific command in respect of the war exigencies is that if destruction is necessary for military operations against the enemy, it is lawful.
Thus, Hadrat 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud has given this explanation in the commentary of this verse: 'The Muslims had cut down only those trees of the Bani an-Nadir that stood on the battlefield.
" ( Tafsir Nisaburi ).
Some of the Muslim jurists have overlooked this aspect of the matter and expressed the opinion that the permissibility of cutting the trees of the Bani an-Nadir was confined only to that particular event.
It does not make it generally permissible that whenever war necessitates trees of the enemy be cut down and burnt.
Imam Auza'i, Laith and Abu Thaur hold this same opinion.
But the majority of the jurists hold the view that for the sake of important military operations it is permissible.
However, this is not permissible for the purpose of mere destruction and pillage.

One may ask: This verse of the Qur'an could satisfy the Muslims, but how could those who did not accept the Qur'an as Divine Word be satisfied at this reply to their objection that both acts were permissible as they had Allah's permission for it? The answer is: This verse of the Qur'an was sent down to satisfy only the Muslims; it was not sent down to satisfy the disbelievers.
Since due to the objection of the Jews and the hypocrites, or due to their own thinking, they had been involved in the misgiving whether they were guilty of spreading disorder in the earth, AIIah gave them the satisfaction that both the acts, cutting down some trees to facilitate the siege and leaving some other trees standing which did not obstruct the siege, were in accordance with Divine Law.

The traditionists in their traditions have disputed the point whether the order to cut and burn the trees had been given by the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace himself, or whether the Muslims had done it of their own accord, and then later asked the Holy Prophet about its legal aspect.
Hadrat Abdullah bin 'Umar has reported that the Holy Prophet himself had ordered it.
(Bukhari, Muslim , Musnad Ahmad, Ibn Jarir ).
The same also has been reported by Yazid bin.
Ruman ( Ibn Jarir ).
On the contrary, Mujahid and Qatadah say that the Muslims had on their own cut down the trees; then a dispute arose among them whether what they had done was permissible or not.
Some said it was permissible and some said it was not.
At last Allah sent down this verse and approved the act of both.
( Ibn Jarir ).
The same thing is supported by a tradition of Hadrat 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas: 'The Muslims were confused because Some of them had cut the trees and others had not; therefore, they wanted to ask the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) as to who would be rewarded for the act and who would be punished.' ( Nasa i ).
Those of the jurists who have preferred the first tradition give the argument that this was the Holy Prophet's personal judgement, which was later ratified by revelation from AIlah, and this a proof of the fact that in matters where no Divine Command existed, the Holy Prophet used to follow his personal judgement.
On the other hand, those jurists who have preferred the second tradition, argue that the two groups of the Muslims had adopted two different views on the basis of their own personal judgements and AIIah ratified both.
Therefore, if the learned men arrive at different conclusions by judicious exercise of their personal judgement, then although their opinions might differ, they would all be correct in the Divine Shari ah.

*10) That is, "Allah willed that they should be disgraced if you cut down the trees and also if you left them standing." In the first case, they were disgraced when they saw that the trees of the gardens which they had planted with their own hands and which they had owned since ages, were being cut down before their very eyes and they were watching it helplessly.
Even an ordinary peasant and gardener cannot tolerate another's misappropriation or intrusion into his field or garden.
He would protect his field or garden at the risk of his life if somebody tried to destroy it in his presence.
For if he cannot prevent destruction-n of his property, it would be a sign of his extreme humiliation and weakness.
But here a whole tribe, which had been living at this place fearlessly and boldly for centuries, was watching helplessly that its neighbours had invaded its gardens and were destroying the trees while it could do nothing.
After this even if they stayed on in Madinah they would have lived in disgrace and humility.
In the second case, they were disgraced when on leaving Madinah they saw that the lush green gardens which had been in their possession till the previous day were now passing into the possession of the Muslims.
Had they the power they would have laid waste the entire gardens by their own hands SO that not a single whole.tree passed into the hands of the Muslims.
But in their helplessness they left the city, despaired and grief-stricken, leaving everything intact behind.

 

Which was revealed in Al-Madinah Ibn `Abbas used to call this chapter, `Surah Bani An-Nadir.' Sa`id bin Mansur recorded that Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "I asked Ibn `Abbas about Surat Al-Hashr and he said, `It was revealed about Bani An-Nadir."' Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded it using another chain of narration from Ibn `Abbas.
Al-Bukhari also recorded it from Abu `Awanah, from Abu Bishr from Sa`id bin Jubayr, who said, "I asked Ibn `Abbas, `Surat Al-Hashr' He said, `Surah Bani An-Nadir."' بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Everything glorifies Allah in its own Way Allah states that everything that exists in the heavens and on the earth praises, glorifies, reveres and prays to Him and affirms His Oneness.
Allah said in another Ayah, تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَـوَتُ السَّبْعُ وَالاٌّرْضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّ وَإِن مِّن شَىْءٍ إِلاَّ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدَهِ وَلَـكِن لاَّ تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحَهُمْ ( The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein, glorify Him and there is not a thing but glorifies His praise.
But you understand not their glorification. )( 17:44 ) Allah's statement, وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ ( And He is the Almighty ) meaning of invincible majesty, الْحَكِيمُ ( the All-Wise. ) in what He decrees and legislates. The End that Bani An-Nadir suffered Allah said, هُوَ الَّذِى أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ ( He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture ) referring to the Jewish tribe of Bani An-Nadir, according to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Az-Zuhri and several others.
When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ migrated to Al-Madinah, he made a peace treaty with the Jews stipulating that he would not fight them and they would not fight him.
They soon betrayed the treaty that they made with Allah's Messenger ﷺ.
Therefore, Allah sent His torment down on them; it can never be averted, and His appointed destiny touched them; it can never be resisted.
The Prophet forced them to evacuate and abandon their fortified forts that Muslims did not think they would ever control.
The Jews thought that their fortifications will save them from Allah's torment, but they did not help them against Allah in the least.
Then, that which they did not expect came to them from Allah, and Allah's Messenger ﷺ forced them to leave Al-Madinah.
Some of them went to Adhri`at in the area of Ash-Sham, which is the area of the grand Gathering and Resurrection, while others went to Khaybar.
The Prophet allowed them to evacuate their forts and take whatever their camels could carry.
They destroyed the property that they could not carry.
This is why Allah the Exalted said, يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاعْتَبِرُواْ يأُوْلِى الاٌّبْصَـرِ ( they demolished their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers Then take admonition, O you with eyes. ) meaning, "Contemplate the end of those who defied Allah's command, contradicted His Messenger and denied His Book.
See how Allah's humiliating torment struck them in this life, as well as, the painful torment that Allah has reserved for them in the Hereafter." Abu Dawud recorded that `Abdur-Rahman bin Ka`b bin Malik said that one of the Prophet's Companions said, "The Quraysh idolators wrote to `Abdullah bin Ubayy and those who were still worshipping idols among the tribes of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj.
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in Al-Madinah at the time, before the battle of Badr occurred.
They wrote: `You have given refuge to our citizen.
We swear by Allah, you should fight him, or we will expel you or gather all our forces, until we kill your soldiers and take your women captive.' When the news of this threat reached `Abdullah bin Ubayy and the idolators of Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj, they prepared to fight the Prophet .
The news of this reached the Prophet and he went to them saying, «لَقَدْ بَلَغَ وَعِيدُ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْكُمُ الْمَبَالِغَ، مَا كَانَتْ تَكِيدُكُمْ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا تُرِيدُ أَن تَكِيدُوا بِهِ أَنْفُسَكُمْ، تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا أَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَإِخْوَانَكُم» ( The threat of the Quraysh has caused you extreme anxiety! The Quraysh cannot cause you more harm than what you will cause yourselves by your actions.
Do you want to fight your children and brethren ) When they heard these words from the Prophet , they dis- persed and the news of what happened reached the Quraysh idolators.
After the battle of Badr, the Quraysh idolators wrote to the Jews of Al-Madinah, `You have armor and forts! You should fight our citizen or we will do such and such to you, and nothing will prevent us from acquiring your women.'The news of this letter also reached the Prophet and Bani An-Nadir intended to betray their treaty.
Bani An-Nadir sent a message to the Prophet asking him to come with thirty of his Companions to meet thirty of their rabbis half way, from either side.
They said that the rabbis would listen to the Prophet and if they believe in him, the rest of Bani An-Nadir would believe.
They intended to kill the Messenger , and Allah informed His Messenger of this plot before they could harm him.
The next day, the Prophet gathered his forces and laid siege to their area, saying to them, «إِنَّكُمْ وَاللهِ لَا تَأْمَنُونَ عِنْدِي إِلَّا بِعَهْدٍ تُعَاهِدُونَنِي عَلَيْه» ( By Allah ! You will not be safe until and unless you renew your peace treaty with me. ) They refused to do so, and the Prophet fought them the rest of that day.
The next morning, the Prophet laid siege to the tribe of Bani Qurayzah and left Bani An-Nadir alone that day.
The Prophet ordered Bani Qurayzah to sign a new treaty of peace, and they accepted.
The Prophet left Bani Qurayzah and went back to Bani An-Nadir with his forces and fought them until they agreed to surrender in return for safe passage out of Al-Madinah.
Bani An-Nadir evacuated Al-Madinah and took with them all whatever their camels could carry from their furniture, including even the wood and the doors to their houses.
The date trees of Bani An-Nadir were granted to the Messenger by Allah when He said, وَمَآ أَفَآءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَآ أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلاَ رِكَابٍ ( And what Allah gave as booty to His Messenger from them -- for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry ) that is, what you earned without a fight.
The Prophet divided most of their trees between the emigrants and gave to only two men who were poor from Al-Ansar.
He did not give the Ansar any of it, except for these two men.
The Prophet kept a part of the war booty for himself and that part of charity of the Prophet was transferred to the administration of his daughter's children, i.e., children of Fatimah." However, let us summarize the battle of Bani An-Nadir here.
From Allah alone we seek help. The Reason behind the Battle of Bani An-Nadir After the seventy Companions whom the Prophet sent to teach the Qur'an were killed at the area of Bi'r Ma`unah, excluding `Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri, who killed two men from the tribe of Bani `Amir on his way back to Al-Madinah.
He did not know that these two men had a promise of safe passage from Allah's Messenger ﷺ.
When he went back to Al-Madinah, he told the Prophet what happened and the Prophet said, «لَقَدْ قَتَلْتَ رَجُلَيْنِ لَأَدِيَنَّهُمَا» ( You have killed two men, I shall pay the blood money for them. ) Bani An-Nadir and Bani `Amir were allies and had treaties.
The Prophet asked Bani An-Nadir to help pay the blood money for the two dead men.
The area of Bani An-Nadir was in a suburb of Al-Madinah, a few miles to the east.
In his book of Sirah, Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said; "Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to Bani An-Nadir to ask them for financial help to pay the blood money of the two men from Bani `Amir, who were killed by `Amr bin Umayyah Ad-Damri.
They had a promise of safe passage from the Prophet according to the ( subnarrator ) Yazid bin Ruman.
Bani An-Nadir and Bani `Amir had a treaty and were allies.
When Allah's Messenger ﷺ went to Bani An-Nadir asking them for help to pay the blood money for the two men, they said, `Yes, O Abu Al-Qasim! We will help you, since you asked us for help.' Yet, when they met each other in secret, they said, `You will not find a better chance with this man than this,' while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting next to a wall of one of their houses.
They said, `Who will ascend this wall and drop a stone on this man and rid us of his trouble' `Amr bin Jihash bin Ka`b volunteered and ascended the wall of the house to drop a stone on the Messenger .
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting with several of his Companions, such as Abu Bakr, `Umar and `Ali.
The news of this plot was conveyed to the Prophet from heaven, and he stood up and went back to Al-Madinah.
When the Companions thought that the Messenger was absent for a long time, they went to see where he was and saw a man coming from Al-Madinah.
They asked him, and he said that he saw the Prophet enter Al-Madinah.
The Messenger's Companions went to him, and he told them the news of the betraying plot that the Jews planned against him.
He ordered them to prepare for war and to march forth to Bani An-Nadir.
The Prophet gathered his forces and marched to the area of Bani An-Nadir, who had taken refuge in their fortified forts.
The Messenger ﷺ ordered their date trees be cut down and burned.
The Jews heralded at the Prophet, `O Muhammad! You used to forbid mischief in the earth and blame those who did it.
Why is it that you had the date trees cut down and burned' Meanwhile, `Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, Wadi`ah, Malik bin Abi Qawqal, Suwayd, Da`is and several other men who all belonged to the tribe of Al-Khazraj bin Bani `Awf, sent a message to Bani An-Nadir saying, `Be firm and strong.
We will never abandon you.
If you are fought against, we will fight along with you and if you are forced to leave Al-Madinah, we will accompany you.' The Jews waited for this claim of support, but the hypocrites did not deliver.
Allah cast terror in the hearts of the Jews.
They asked the Messenger to allow them safe passage out of Al-Madinah and to spare their lives.
In return, they would only take what their camels could carry, except for weapons.
The Prophet agreed.
The Jews collected all the wealth their camels could transport.
One of the Jews would demolish his own house around its door, so that he could carry the door on the back of his camel.
Bani An-Nadir moved to Khaybar, and some of them went to Ash-Sham.
They left all that remained behind for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who had control over how it was to be divided.
The Prophet divided it between the emigrants and none of Al-Ansar got a share, except for Sahl bin Hunayf and Abu Dujanah Simak bin Kharashah.
They said that they were poor and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave them their share.
Only two men from Bani An-Nadir embraced Islam, Yamin bin Umayr bin Ka`b bin `Amr bin Jihash and Abu Sa`d bin Wahb and they saved their wealth due to their acceptance of Islam." Ibn Ishaq continued, "Some of the offspring of Yamin narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Yamin, «أَلَمْ تَرَ مَا لَقِيتُ مِنَ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ وَمَا هَمَّ بِهِ مِنْ شَأْنِي؟» ( Have you not heard what your cousin plotted to do against me ) Yamin bin `Umayr promised someone a reward if he killed his cousin `Amr bin Jihash, and someone killed him, according to their claim" Ibn Ishaq then said, "All of Surat Al-Hashr was revealed about Bani An-Nadir.
" A similar story was recorded by Yunus bin Bukayr from Ibn Ishaq.
Allah's statement, هُوَ الَّذِى أَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَـبِ ( He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture ) refers to Bani An-Nadir, مِن دِيَـرِهِمْ لاًّوَّلِ الْحَشْرِ ( from their homes at the first gathering. ) Allah said, مَا ظَنَنتُمْ أَن يَخْرُجُواْ ( You did not think that they would get out. ) i.e., within the few days you laid siege against them.
The Companions had surrounded their forts for only six days, and their forts were fortified and formidable.
This is why Allah the Exalted said, وَظَنُّواْ أَنَّهُمْ مَّانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ فَأَتَـهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُواْ ( And they thought that their fortresses would defend them from Allah! But Allah reached them from a place where they expected it not. ) meaning, there came to them from Allah what they did not expect or anticipate.
Allah said in another Ayah, قَدْ مَكَرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَى اللَّهُ بُنْيَـنَهُمْ مِّنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّقْفُ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَأَتَـهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لاَ يَشْعُرُونَ ( Those before them indeed plotted, but Allah struck at the foundation of their building, and then the roof fell down upon them, from above them, and the torment overtook them from directions they did not perceive. )( 16:26 ) Allah said, وَقَذَفَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ ( and He cast terror into their hearts ) means, Allah cast fear, terror and fright in their hearts, and why would that not happen to them He who was given victory, by Allah frightening his enemies the distance of a month, laid siege to them.
May Allah's peace and blessings be on the Prophet.
As in Ibn Ishaq's explanation -- which preceded; يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( that they demolished their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers. ) the Jews brought down what they wanted to transport from their roofs and doors, so that they could carry them on camels.
Similar was said by `Urwah bin Az-Zubayr, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and several others.
Allah's statement, وَلَوْلاَ أَن كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجَلاَءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمْ فِى الدُّنْيَا ( And had it not been that Allah had decreed exile for them, He would certainly have punished them in this world; ) meaning, if it was not for the fact that Allah had already decreed that they would evacuate Al-Madinah, leaving behind their homes and wealth, He would have sent another type of punishment upon them, such as being killed and captured.
This was said by Az-Zuhri.
`Urwah, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said that Allah decreed that the Jews would be punished in the life of this world and face the torment of the fire of Hell He prepared for them in the Hereafter.
Allah said, وَلَهُمْ فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ عَذَابُ النَّارِ ( and in the Hereafter theirs shall be the torment of the Fire. ) meaning, it is a matter ordained that they will surely face, ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ شَآقُّواْ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ( That is because they opposed Allah and His Messenger. ) means, Allah prepared this specific punishment and sent His Messenger and his Companions against them, because they defied Allah and His Messenger and denied the good news that Allah sent forth in the Books of previous Messengers regarding the coming of Muhammad ﷺ.
The Jews knew these facts about Muhammad ﷺ just as they knew their own children.
Allah said, وَمَن يُشَآقِّ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ ( And whosoever opposes Allah, then verily, Allah is Severe in punishment. ) The Prophet Cut down the Date Trees of the Jews by the Leave of Allah Allah said, مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious. ) Linah is an especially good type of date tree.
Abu `Ubaydah said that Linah is a different kind of dates than `Ajwah and Barni.
Several others said that Linah refers to every type of date fruits, except for the `Ajwah ( ripen dates ), while Ibn Jarir said that it refers to all kinds of date trees.
Ibn Jarir quoted Mujahid saying that it also includes the Buwayrah type.
When the Messenger of Allah laid siege to Bani An-Nadir, to humiliate them and bring fear and terror to their hearts, he ordered their date trees to be cut down.
Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated that Yazid bin Ruman, Qatadah and Muqatil bin Hayyan said, "Bani An-Nadir sent a message to the Messenger , saying that he used to outlaw mischief in the earth, so why did he order that their trees be cut down Allah sent down this honorable Ayah stating that whatever Linah was felled or left intact by the Muslims, has been done by His permission, will, leave and pleasure to humiliate and disgrace the enemy and degrade them." Mujahid said, "Some of the emigrants discouraged others from chopping down the date trees of Jews, saying that they were war spoils for Muslims.
The Qur'an approved of the actions of those who discouraged and those who approved of cutting these trees, stating that those who cut them or did not, did so only by Allah's leave." There is also a Hadith narrated from the Prophet with this meaning.
An-Nasa'i recorded that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah's statement, مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious. ) "They forced them to come down from their forts and were ordered to cut their trees cut down.
So the Muslims hesitated, and some of them said, `We cut down some and left some.
We must ask Allah's Messenger ﷺ if we will earn a reward for what we cut and if we will be burdened for what we left intact.' Allah sent down this Ayah, t مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah )." Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered that the date trees of Bani An-Nadir be cut down and burned.
The Two Sahihs collected a similar narration.
Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar said,"Bani An-Nadir and Bani Qurayzah fought ( against the Prophet ), and the Prophet exiled Bani An-Nadir and allowed Bani Qurayzah to remain in their area until later, when the Prophet fought against Qurayzah.
Their men were executed and their women, children and wealth were confiscated and divided among Muslims.
Some of them, however, were saved because they returned to the Prophet's side, who granted them asylum, and they embraced Islam.
All of the Jews of Al-Madinah, Bani Qaynuqa`, the tribe of `Abdullah bin Salam, Bani Harithah and the rest of the Jewish tribes in Al-Madinah were exiled." The Two Sahihs also recorded from Ibn `Umar that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ burned down the date trees of Bani An-Nadir and had them cut down the date palms of Al-Buwayrah.
Allah the Exalted and Most Honored revealed this Ayah, مَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِّن لِّينَةٍ أَوْ تَرَكْتُمُوهَا قَآئِمَةً عَلَى أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَلِيُخْزِىَ الْفَـسِقِينَ ( What you cut down of the Linah, or you left them standing on their stems, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the rebellious. )" Muhammad bin Ishaq reported that the battle of Bani An-Nadir occurred after the battles of Uhud and Bi'r Ma`unah.

The Prophet ( pbuh ) then ordered his Companions to cut down their palm-trees except a particular tree called the ’Ajwah, which he asked them not to cut down. When the Banu’l-Nadir reproached the believers for doing so, Allah revealed: ( Whatsoever palm-trees you cut down ) other than the ’Ajwah palm-tree ( or left standing on their roots ) and did not cut down, i.e. the ’Ajwah, ( it was by Allah’s leave ) both commands of cutting down and not cutting down are from Allah, ( in order that He might confound the evil-livers ) in order that He might humiliate the disbelievers, i.e. the Banu’l-Nadir, through that which you have cut down of their palm-trees.

What you (O Muslims) cut down of the palm-trees (of the enemy), or you left them standing on their stems, it was by Leave of Allah, and in order that He might disgrace the Fasiqun (rebellious, disobedient to Allah).

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