Surah Al Hashr ayat 9 Tafsir Quran 59:9

﴿وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّا أُوتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ ۚ وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ﴾
[ الحشر: 9]

59:9 And [also for] those who were settled in al-Madinah and [adopted] the faith before them. They love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what the emigrants were given but give [them] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation. And whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul - it is those who will be the successful.

And those who had settled in the hometown that is Medina and had abided in faith that is to say those who had embraced it with enthusiasm — these being the Helpers before them love those who have emigrated to them and do not find in their breasts any need any envy of that which those others have been given that is to say of what the Prophet s had given the Emigrants from the seized possessions of the Banū al-Nadīr a share which was exclusively theirs; but prefer others to themselves though they be in poverty in need of that which they prefer for those others to have. And whoever is saved from the avarice of his own soul its covetousness for acquiring possessions those — they are the successful.

Next are those who emigrated and settled earlier, justifying Faith as a conviction operative on their character and will, who love to see and welcome their successors and afford them refuge with clean breasts not begrudging their aid, abnegating themselves of what they themselves may need in favour of the others. And he who opposes the incitement arising from the state of mind and feeling and guards himself against an unjust act, impiety, iniquity, greed, niggardliness, immorality and such vices, shall heaven prosper him and such persons

Those Who deserve the Fai'; and the Virtues of the Muhajirin and Al-Ansar Allah states the categories of needy people who also deserve a part of the Fai', الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُواْ مِن دِيَـرِهِمْ وَأَمْوَلِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلاً مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَناً ( who were expelled from their homes and their property, seeking bounties from Allah and (His ) good pleasure,) meaning, departed their homes and defied their people, seeking the acceptance of Allah and His favor, وَيَنصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الصَّـدِقُونَ ( and helping Allah and His Messenger.
Such are indeed the truthful. ) meaning, `they are those who were truthful in statement and deed, and they are the chiefs of the Muhajirin.' Allah the Exalted praised the Ansar next and emphasized their virtue, status and honor, preferring to give to others over themselves, even though they were in need, and not feeling enviousness.
Allah the Exalted said, وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالإِيمَـنَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ ( And (it is also for ) those who, before them, had homes and had adopted the faith,) referring to those who resided in the city to which the migration occurred, before the emigrants arrived at it, and who embraced the faith before many of the emigrants.
`Umar said, "I recommend the Khalifah, who will come after me, to know the rights and virtues of the foremost Muhajirin and to preserve their honor.
I also recommend him to be kind to the Ansar, those who resided in the city of Hijrah and embraced the faith beforehand, that he accepts the good that comes from those who do good among them and forgives those among them who commit errors." Al-Bukhari collected this Hadith.
Allah said, يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ ( love those who emigrate to them, ) indicates that they, on account of their generosity and honorable conduct, loved those who emigrated to them and comforted them with their wealth.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas said, "The Muhajirin said, `O Allah's Messenger! We have never met people like those whom we emigrated to; comforting us in times of scarcity and giving us with a good heart in times of abundance.
They have sufficed for us and shared their wealth with us so much so, that we feared that they might earn the whole reward instead of us.' He said,
«لَا، مَا أَثْنَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَدَعَوْتُمُ اللهَ لَهُم»
( No they won't, as long you thanked them for what they did and invoked Allah for them. )" I have not seen this version in the other books.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Yahya bin Sa`id heard Anas bin Malik, when he went with him to Al-Walid, saying, "The Prophet called Ansar to divide Al-Bahrayn among them.
The Ansar said, `Not until you give a similar portion to our emigrant brothers.' He said,
«إِمَّا لَا، فَاصْبِرُوا حَتْى تَلْقَوْنِي، فَإِنَّهُ سَيُصِيبُكُمْ بَعْدِي أَثَرَة»
( Perhaps, no; but you will soon see people giving preference to others, so remain patient until you meet me (on the Day of Resurrection ).)" Al-Bukhari was alone with this version.
He also recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, "The Ansar said ( to the Prophet ), `Distribute our date-palms between us and our emigrant brothers.' He replied, `No.' The Ansar said ( to the emigrants ), `Look tend to the trees and share the fruits with us.' The emigrants said, `We hear and obey."' Al-Bukhari, but not Muslim, recorded it. The Ansar never envied the Muhajirin Allah said, وَلاَ يَجِدُونَ فِى صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّآ أُوتُواْ ( and have no jealousy in their breasts for that which they have been given, ) meaning, the Ansar did not have any envy for the Muhajirin because of the better status, rank, or more exalted grade that Allah gave the Muhajirin above them.
Allah's statement, مِّمَّآ أُوتُواْ ( that which they have been given, ) refers to what the Muhajirin were favored with, according to Qatadah and Ibn Zayd. Selflessness of the Ansar Allah said, وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ ( and give them preference over themselves even though they were in need of that. ) meaning, they preferred giving to the needy rather than attending to their own needs, and began by giving the people before their own selves, even though they too were in need.
An authentic Hadith stated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«أَفْضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ جُهْدُ الْمُقِل»
( The best charity is that given when one is in need and struggling. ) This exalted rank is better than the rank of those whom Allah described in His statements, وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ ( And they give food, inspite of their love for it. )( 76:8 ), and, وَءَاتَى الْمَالَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ ( And gives his wealth, in spite of love for it. )( 2:177 ) The latter give charity even though they love the wealth they give, not that they really need it, nor that it is necessary for them to keep it.
The former prefer others to themselves even though they are in need and have a necessity for what they spend in charity.
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq gave away all his wealth in charity and Allah's Messenger ﷺ asked him,
«مَا أَبْقَيْتَ لِأَهْلِكَ؟»
( What did you keep for your family, ) and he said, "I kept for them Allah and His Messenger." `Ikrimah ( bin Abi Jahl ) and two other wounded fighters were offered water when they were injured during the battle of Al-Yarmuk, and each one of them said that the sip of water should be given to another of the three wounded men.
They did so even though they were badly injured and craving water.
When the water reached the third man, he and the other two died and none of them drank any of the water! May Allah be pleased with them and make them pleased with Him.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, "A man came to the Prophet and said, `O Allah's Messenger! Poverty has stuck me.' The Prophet sent a messenger to his wives ( to bring something for that man to eat ) but they said that they had nothing.
Then Allah's Messenger ﷺ said,
«أَلَا رَجُلٌ يُضَيِّفُ هَذَا، اللَّيْلَةَ، رَحِمَهُ الله»
( Who will invite this person or entertain him as a guest tonight; may Allah grant His mercy to him who does so ) An Ansari man said, `I, O Allah's Messenger!' So he took him to his wife and said to her, `Entertain the guest of Allah's Messenger ﷺ generously.' She said, `By Allah ! We have nothing except the meal for my children.' He said, `Let your children sleep if they ask for supper.
Then turn off the lamp and we go to bed tonight while hungry.' She did what he asked her to do.
In the morning the Ansari went to Allah's Messenger ﷺ who said,
«لَقَدْ عَجِبَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَوْ ضَحِكَ مِنْ فُلَانٍ وَفُلَانَة»
( Allah wondered (favorably ) or laughed at the action of so-and-so and his wife.) Then Allah revealed, وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ ( and they give them preference over themselves even though they were in need of that ).
" Al-Bukhari recorded this Hadith in another part of his Sahih.
Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith.
In another narration for this Hadith, the Companion's name was mentioined, it was Abu Talhah Al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased with him.
Allah said, وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ ( And whosoever is saved from his own greed, such are they who will be the successful. ) indicating that those who are saved from being stingy, then they have earned success and a good achievement.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«إِيَّاكُمْ وَالظُّلْمَ، فَإِنَّ الظُّلْمَ ظُلُمَاتٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَاتَّقُوا الشُّحَّ، فَإِنَّ الشُّحَّ أَهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، حَمَلَهُمْ عَلى أَنْ سَفَكُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ وَاسْتَحَلُّوا مَحَارِمَهُم»
( Be on your guard against committing oppression, for oppression is a darkness on the Day of Resurrection.
Be on your guard against being stingy, for being stingy is what destroyed those who were before you.
It made them shed blood and make lawful what was unlawful for them. ) Muslim collected this Hadith.
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Al-Aswad bin Hilal said that a man said to `Abdullah ( bin Mas`ud ),"O Abu `Abdur-Rahman! I fear that I have earned destruction for myself." `Abdullah asked him what the matter was and he said, "I hear Allah's saying, وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ ( And whosoever is saved from his own greed, such are they who will be the successful. ) and I am somewhat a miser who barely gives away anything." `Abdullah said, "That is not the greed Allah mentioned in the Qur'an, which pertains to illegally consuming your brother's wealth.
What you have is miserliness, and it is an evil thing indeed to be a miser." Allah said, وَالَّذِينَ جَآءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَنِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإَيمَـنِ وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ فِى قُلُوبِنَا غِلاًّ لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ ( And those who came after them say: "Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed.
Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful. ) This is the third type of believers whose poor most deserve to receive a part of the Fai'.
These three types are the Muhajirin, the Ansar and those who followed their righteous lead with excellence.
Allah said in another Ayah, وَالسَّـبِقُونَ الاٌّوَّلُونَ مِنَ الْمُهَـجِرِينَ وَالأَنْصَـرِ وَالَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُم بِإِحْسَانٍ رَّضِىَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُواْ عَنْهُ ( And of the foremost to embrace Islam of the Muhajirin and the Ansar and also those who followed them exactly, Allah is well-pleased with them as they are well-pleased with Him. )( 9:100 ) The third type are those who followed the Muhajirin and Ansar in their good works, beautiful attributes and who invoke Allah for them in public and secret.
This is why Allah the Exalted said in this honorable Ayah, وَالَّذِينَ جَآءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ ( And those who came after them say ), meaning, the statement that they utter is, رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَنِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإَيمَـنِ وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ فِى قُلُوبِنَا غِلاًّ ( Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred ), meaning, rage or envy, لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ ( against those who have believed.
Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful. ) Indeed, it is a beautiful way that Imam Malik used this honorable Ayah to declare that the Rafidah who curse the Companions do not have a share in the Fai' money, because they do not have the good quality of those whom Allah has described here that they say, رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَنِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإَيمَـنِ وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ فِى قُلُوبِنَا غِلاًّ لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ ( Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed.
Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful. ) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `A'ishah said, "They were commanded to invoke Allah to forgive them, but instead, they cursed them!" She then recited this Ayah, وَالَّذِينَ جَآءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَنِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإَيمَـنِ ( And those who came after them say: "Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed." )

(59:9) It also belongs to those who were already settled in this abode (of Hijrah)  *17having come to faith before the (arrival of the) Muhajirun (Emigrants).They love those who have migrated to them and do not covet what has been given them; they even prefer them above themselves though poverty be their own lot. *18 And whosoever are preserved from their own greed, such are the ones that will prosper. *19

And [also for] those who were settled meaning

*17) This implies the Ansar.
In other words, not only arc the Emigrants entitled to fai but those Muslims also are entitled to receive thair share from it, who were already living in the abode of Islam ( Madinah ).

*18) This is in praise of the Ansar, the Muslims of Madinah.
When the Emigrants came from Makkah and other places to their city, they offered their gardens and oases to the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) with the request that he distribute them among their emigrant brethren-in-faith.
The Holy Prophet said: " These people do not know gardening: they have come from a region where there are no gardens.
Could it not be that you ( the Ansar ) continue to work in the gardens and oases and make the Emigrants partners in the produce? The Ansar submitted: `We have heard and obeyed'. " ( Bukhari, Ibn Jarir ).
Thereupon the Emigrants said: " We have never seen any people so self-sacrificing as the Ansar, for they would work and labour and make us partners in the produce.
We think they would thus be entitled to all spiritual rewards.
The Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) said: "Nay, as long as you would praise them and pray for their well-being, you also would get your rewards.
" ( Musnad Ahmad ).
Then, when the territory of the Bani an-Nadir was taken, the Holy Prophet made this proposal to the Ansar: "Now one way of managing it is that your properties and the gardens and the oases left by the Jews be combined together and then the whole distributed among you and the Emigrants." the second way is that you take back your properties, and the lands vacated by the Jews be distributed among the Emigrants.
" The Ansar said: " Sir, you may please distribute these evacuee properties among the Emigrants and may give them of our properties also as you please.
" At this Hadrat Abu Bakr cried out: " May Allah reward you, O assembly of the Ansar, with the best of everything! " ( Yahya bin Adam.
Baladhuri ).
Thus, with the willing consent of the Ansar the properties left by the Jews were distributed only among the Emigrants, and from among the Ansar only Hadrat Abu Dujanah, Hadrat Sahl bin Hunaif snd ( according to some ) Hadrat Harith bin as-Simmah were given shares, for they were poor people.
( Baladhuri.
Ibn Hisham Ruh al-Ma ani.
The same self-sacrificing spirit was shown by the Ansar when the territory of Bahrain was annexed to the Islamic State.
The Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace ) wished that the conquered lands of that territory be given to the Ansar, but they submitted: " We would not take any share from it unless a similar share was given to ow emigrant brothers. " ( Yahya bin Adam ).
Allah has praised the Ansar for this-very spirit of self-sacrifice.

*19) The word used here means " are saved " and not " were safe ", for without Allah's help and succour no one can attain to the wealth of the heart ( liberal-mindedness ) by his own power and effort.
This is a blessing of God, which one can attain only by God's bounty and grace The word shuhh is used for stinginess and miserliness in Arabic.
But when this word is attributed to the self of matt it becomes synonymous with narrow-mindedness, niggardliness, meanspiritedness and small-heartedness, and not mete stinginess: it is rather the root cause of stinginess itself.
Because of this very quality man avoids acknowledging even the good qualities of another, not to speak of recognizing his rights and discharging them.
He wants that he alone should gather up everything in the world, and no one else should have anything of it.
He never feels content with his own right.
but usurps the rights of others, or at least wants to have for himself all that is good in the world and should not leave anything for others.
On this very basis one's being saved from this evil has been described in the Qur'an as a guarantee for success.
The Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) has counted it among the most evil qualities of man which are the root cause of corruption and mischief.
Hadrat Jabir bin `Abdullah has reported that the Holy Prophet said: " Avoid shuhh for it was shuhh which ruined the people before you.
It incited them to shed each other's blood and make the sacred and forbidden things of others lawful for themselves.
" ( Muslim, Musnad Ahmad, Baihaqi, Bukhari in Al-Adab ).
The tradition of Hadrat 'Abdullah bin 'Umar contains the following words: " It led them to commit wickedness and they committed it; it commanded them to commit sins and they committed sin; it urged them to break off all connections with the kindred and they broke off all connections with them.
" ( Musnad Ahmad, Abu De ud Nasa i ).
Hadrat Abu Hurairah has reported that the Holy Prophet said.
" Faith and shuhh of the self cannot combine in one and the same heart.
" ( Ibn Abi Shaibah, Nasa '% Baihaqi in Shu ab al-Iman, Hakim ).
Hadrat Abu Sa'id Khudri has stated that the Holy Prophet said: " Two of the qualities are such that they cannot combine in a Muslim: stinginess and misbehaviour. " ( Abu Da'ud.
Tirmidhi Bukhari in AI-Adab )- It is as a result of t us very teaching of Islam that, apart from individuals, the Muslim people as a nation are still the most generous and liberal.
minded people in the world.
There are millions and millions of Muslims living side by side with those non-Muslim people from among whom they sprung who have become proverbial for their narrow-mindedness and miserliness.
The clear distinction existing between the two peoples in respect of liberal-mindedness and miserliness cannot be explained in any other way than that it is the moral teaching of Islam that has made the Muslims so large-hearted and liberal-minded.

 

Those Who deserve the Fai'; and the Virtues of the Muhajirin and Al-Ansar Allah states the categories of needy people who also deserve a part of the Fai', الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُواْ مِن دِيَـرِهِمْ وَأَمْوَلِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلاً مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَناً ( who were expelled from their homes and their property, seeking bounties from Allah and (His ) good pleasure,) meaning, departed their homes and defied their people, seeking the acceptance of Allah and His favor, وَيَنصُرُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الصَّـدِقُونَ ( and helping Allah and His Messenger.
Such are indeed the truthful. ) meaning, `they are those who were truthful in statement and deed, and they are the chiefs of the Muhajirin.' Allah the Exalted praised the Ansar next and emphasized their virtue, status and honor, preferring to give to others over themselves, even though they were in need, and not feeling enviousness.
Allah the Exalted said, وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالإِيمَـنَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ ( And (it is also for ) those who, before them, had homes and had adopted the faith,) referring to those who resided in the city to which the migration occurred, before the emigrants arrived at it, and who embraced the faith before many of the emigrants.
`Umar said, "I recommend the Khalifah, who will come after me, to know the rights and virtues of the foremost Muhajirin and to preserve their honor.
I also recommend him to be kind to the Ansar, those who resided in the city of Hijrah and embraced the faith beforehand, that he accepts the good that comes from those who do good among them and forgives those among them who commit errors." Al-Bukhari collected this Hadith.
Allah said, يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ ( love those who emigrate to them, ) indicates that they, on account of their generosity and honorable conduct, loved those who emigrated to them and comforted them with their wealth.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas said, "The Muhajirin said, `O Allah's Messenger! We have never met people like those whom we emigrated to; comforting us in times of scarcity and giving us with a good heart in times of abundance.
They have sufficed for us and shared their wealth with us so much so, that we feared that they might earn the whole reward instead of us.' He said, «لَا، مَا أَثْنَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَدَعَوْتُمُ اللهَ لَهُم» ( No they won't, as long you thanked them for what they did and invoked Allah for them. )" I have not seen this version in the other books.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Yahya bin Sa`id heard Anas bin Malik, when he went with him to Al-Walid, saying, "The Prophet called Ansar to divide Al-Bahrayn among them.
The Ansar said, `Not until you give a similar portion to our emigrant brothers.' He said, «إِمَّا لَا، فَاصْبِرُوا حَتْى تَلْقَوْنِي، فَإِنَّهُ سَيُصِيبُكُمْ بَعْدِي أَثَرَة» ( Perhaps, no; but you will soon see people giving preference to others, so remain patient until you meet me (on the Day of Resurrection ).)" Al-Bukhari was alone with this version.
He also recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, "The Ansar said ( to the Prophet ), `Distribute our date-palms between us and our emigrant brothers.' He replied, `No.' The Ansar said ( to the emigrants ), `Look tend to the trees and share the fruits with us.' The emigrants said, `We hear and obey."' Al-Bukhari, but not Muslim, recorded it. The Ansar never envied the Muhajirin Allah said, وَلاَ يَجِدُونَ فِى صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِّمَّآ أُوتُواْ ( and have no jealousy in their breasts for that which they have been given, ) meaning, the Ansar did not have any envy for the Muhajirin because of the better status, rank, or more exalted grade that Allah gave the Muhajirin above them.
Allah's statement, مِّمَّآ أُوتُواْ ( that which they have been given, ) refers to what the Muhajirin were favored with, according to Qatadah and Ibn Zayd. Selflessness of the Ansar Allah said, وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ ( and give them preference over themselves even though they were in need of that. ) meaning, they preferred giving to the needy rather than attending to their own needs, and began by giving the people before their own selves, even though they too were in need.
An authentic Hadith stated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «أَفْضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ جُهْدُ الْمُقِل» ( The best charity is that given when one is in need and struggling. ) This exalted rank is better than the rank of those whom Allah described in His statements, وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ ( And they give food, inspite of their love for it. )( 76:8 ), and, وَءَاتَى الْمَالَ عَلَى حُبِّهِ ( And gives his wealth, in spite of love for it. )( 2:177 ) The latter give charity even though they love the wealth they give, not that they really need it, nor that it is necessary for them to keep it.
The former prefer others to themselves even though they are in need and have a necessity for what they spend in charity.
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq gave away all his wealth in charity and Allah's Messenger ﷺ asked him, «مَا أَبْقَيْتَ لِأَهْلِكَ؟» ( What did you keep for your family, ) and he said, "I kept for them Allah and His Messenger." `Ikrimah ( bin Abi Jahl ) and two other wounded fighters were offered water when they were injured during the battle of Al-Yarmuk, and each one of them said that the sip of water should be given to another of the three wounded men.
They did so even though they were badly injured and craving water.
When the water reached the third man, he and the other two died and none of them drank any of the water! May Allah be pleased with them and make them pleased with Him.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, "A man came to the Prophet and said, `O Allah's Messenger! Poverty has stuck me.' The Prophet sent a messenger to his wives ( to bring something for that man to eat ) but they said that they had nothing.
Then Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, «أَلَا رَجُلٌ يُضَيِّفُ هَذَا، اللَّيْلَةَ، رَحِمَهُ الله» ( Who will invite this person or entertain him as a guest tonight; may Allah grant His mercy to him who does so ) An Ansari man said, `I, O Allah's Messenger!' So he took him to his wife and said to her, `Entertain the guest of Allah's Messenger ﷺ generously.' She said, `By Allah ! We have nothing except the meal for my children.' He said, `Let your children sleep if they ask for supper.
Then turn off the lamp and we go to bed tonight while hungry.' She did what he asked her to do.
In the morning the Ansari went to Allah's Messenger ﷺ who said, «لَقَدْ عَجِبَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَوْ ضَحِكَ مِنْ فُلَانٍ وَفُلَانَة» ( Allah wondered (favorably ) or laughed at the action of so-and-so and his wife.) Then Allah revealed, وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ ( and they give them preference over themselves even though they were in need of that ).
" Al-Bukhari recorded this Hadith in another part of his Sahih.
Muslim, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith.
In another narration for this Hadith, the Companion's name was mentioined, it was Abu Talhah Al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased with him.
Allah said, وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ ( And whosoever is saved from his own greed, such are they who will be the successful. ) indicating that those who are saved from being stingy, then they have earned success and a good achievement.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir bin `Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «إِيَّاكُمْ وَالظُّلْمَ، فَإِنَّ الظُّلْمَ ظُلُمَاتٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَاتَّقُوا الشُّحَّ، فَإِنَّ الشُّحَّ أَهْلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، حَمَلَهُمْ عَلى أَنْ سَفَكُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ وَاسْتَحَلُّوا مَحَارِمَهُم» ( Be on your guard against committing oppression, for oppression is a darkness on the Day of Resurrection.
Be on your guard against being stingy, for being stingy is what destroyed those who were before you.
It made them shed blood and make lawful what was unlawful for them. ) Muslim collected this Hadith.
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Al-Aswad bin Hilal said that a man said to `Abdullah ( bin Mas`ud ),"O Abu `Abdur-Rahman! I fear that I have earned destruction for myself." `Abdullah asked him what the matter was and he said, "I hear Allah's saying, وَمَن يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ ( And whosoever is saved from his own greed, such are they who will be the successful. ) and I am somewhat a miser who barely gives away anything." `Abdullah said, "That is not the greed Allah mentioned in the Qur'an, which pertains to illegally consuming your brother's wealth.
What you have is miserliness, and it is an evil thing indeed to be a miser." Allah said, وَالَّذِينَ جَآءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَنِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإَيمَـنِ وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ فِى قُلُوبِنَا غِلاًّ لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ ( And those who came after them say: "Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed.
Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful. ) This is the third type of believers whose poor most deserve to receive a part of the Fai'.
These three types are the Muhajirin, the Ansar and those who followed their righteous lead with excellence.
Allah said in another Ayah, وَالسَّـبِقُونَ الاٌّوَّلُونَ مِنَ الْمُهَـجِرِينَ وَالأَنْصَـرِ وَالَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُم بِإِحْسَانٍ رَّضِىَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُواْ عَنْهُ ( And of the foremost to embrace Islam of the Muhajirin and the Ansar and also those who followed them exactly, Allah is well-pleased with them as they are well-pleased with Him. )( 9:100 ) The third type are those who followed the Muhajirin and Ansar in their good works, beautiful attributes and who invoke Allah for them in public and secret.
This is why Allah the Exalted said in this honorable Ayah, وَالَّذِينَ جَآءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ ( And those who came after them say ), meaning, the statement that they utter is, رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَنِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإَيمَـنِ وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ فِى قُلُوبِنَا غِلاًّ ( Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred ), meaning, rage or envy, لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ ( against those who have believed.
Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful. ) Indeed, it is a beautiful way that Imam Malik used this honorable Ayah to declare that the Rafidah who curse the Companions do not have a share in the Fai' money, because they do not have the good quality of those whom Allah has described here that they say, رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَنِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإَيمَـنِ وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ فِى قُلُوبِنَا غِلاًّ لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ ( Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed.
Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful. ) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `A'ishah said, "They were commanded to invoke Allah to forgive them, but instead, they cursed them!" She then recited this Ayah, وَالَّذِينَ جَآءُوا مِن بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلإِخْوَنِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالإَيمَـنِ ( And those who came after them say: "Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed." )

Then the Prophet ( pbuh ) to the Helpers ( al-Ansar ): These spoils and gardens are solely for the poor among the Emigrants. If you wish, I will divide your wealth and properties on the Emigrants and give you a share of the spoils, or you keep your wealth and properties and I divide the spoils on the poor among the Emigrants. They said: O Messenger of Allah, we would like to share our wealth and properties with them and we will also prefer them over ourselves and let them have the spoils. Allah praised them for this by saying: ( Those who entered the city ) those who made it possible for the Prophet ( pbuh ) and his Companions to live in the abode of migration ( and the faith before them ) and were believers before the Immigrants came to them ( love these who flee unto them for refuge ) in Medina from among the Companions of the Prophet ( pbuh ) ( and find in their breasts ) in their hearts ( no need ) no resentful envy; and it is said this means: no vexation ( for that which hath been given them ) of spoils, while they did not get any, ( but prefer (the fugitives ) above themselves) with their wealth and homes ( though poverty become their lot. And whoso is saved from his own avarice ) and whoever drives away avarice from his own self ( such are they who are successful ) such are they who are saved from Allah’s wrath and chastisement.

And those who, before them, had homes (in Al-Madinah) and had adopted the Faith, love those who emigrate to them, and have no jealousy in their breasts for that which they have been given (from the booty of Bani An-Nadir), and give them (emigrants) preference over themselves, even though they were in need of that. And whosoever is saved from his own covetousness, such are they who will be the successful.

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