Surah Muminun ayat 91 Tafsir Quran 23:91

﴿مَا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ مِن وَلَدٍ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ إِلَٰهٍ ۚ إِذًا لَّذَهَبَ كُلُّ إِلَٰهٍ بِمَا خَلَقَ وَلَعَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ﴾
[ المؤمنون: 91]

23:91 Allah has not taken any son, nor has there ever been with Him any deity. [If there had been], then each deity would have taken what it created, and some of them would have sought to overcome others. Exalted is Allah above what they describe [concerning Him].

God has not taken any son nor is there any god along with Him; for then that is if there were a god along with Him each god would have taken away what he created he would have made it exclusively his and prevented the other god from having any mastery over it; and some of them would surely rise up against others in challenge just as the kings of this world are wont to do. Glorified be God — an exaltation of Him — above what they ascribe to Him of what has been mentioned.

Never did Allah take, adopt or beget a son nor did He share His sovereignty with any god; for, if He did, then each Allah would have had a kingdom of his own independent of the others and each would have established his own laws and made sure to exalt himself above the others. Glory be to Him and extolled are His glorious attributes. He is infinitely far beyond all that they falsely attribute to Him

Allah has no Partner or Associate Allah declares Himself to be above having any child or partner in dominion, control and worship.
He says: مَا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ مِن وَلَدٍ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ إِلَـهٍ إِذاً لَّذَهَبَ كُلُّ إِلَـهٍ بِمَا خَلَقَ وَلَعَلاَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ( No son did Allah beget, nor is there any god along with Him.
(If there had been many gods ), then each god would have taken away what he had created, and some would have tried to overcome others.) meaning, if it were decreed that there should be a plurality of deities, each of them would have exclusive control over whatever he had created, so there would never be any order in the universe.
But what we see is that the universe is ordered and cohesive, with the upper and lower realms connected to one another in the most perfect fashion. مَّا تَرَى فِى خَلْقِ الرَّحْمَـنِ مِن تَفَـوُتٍ ( you can see no fault in the creation of the Most Gracious ) 65:3.
Moreover, if there were a number of gods, each of them would try to subdue the other with enmity, and one would prevail over the other.
This has been mentioned by the scholars of `Ilm-ul-Kalam, who discussed it using the evidence of mutual resistance or counteraction.
This idea states that if there were two or more creators, one would want to make a body move while the other would want to keep it immobile, and if neither of them could achieve what they wanted, then both would be incapable, but the One Whose existence is essential i.e., Allah cannot be incapable.
It is impossible for the will of both to be fulfilled because of the conflict.
This dilemma only arises when a plurality of gods is suggested, so it is impossible for there to be such a plurality, because if the will of one is fulfilled and not the other, the one who prevails will be the one whose existence is essential ( i.e., God ) and the one who is prevailed over will be merely possible ( i.e., he is not divine ), because it is not befitting for the one to be defeated whose existence is essential.
Allah says: وَلَعَلاَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ سُبْحَـنَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ ( and some would have tried to overcome others! Glorified be Allah above all that they attribute to Him! ) meaning, high above all that the stubborn wrongdoers say when they claim that He has a son or partner. عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ ( All-Knower of the unseen and the seen! ) means, He knows what is hidden from His creatures and what they see. فَتَعَـلَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ ( Exalted be He over all that they associate as partners to Him! ) means, sanctified and glorified and exalted be He above all that the wrongdoers and liars say.

(23:91) Allah has no offspring, *84 and there is no other deity as a partner with Him. Had it been so, every deity would have become an independent ruler over its creation; moreover, in that case, they would have tried to override one another. *85 Exalted is Allah and free from the sort of things they attribute to Him.

Allah has not taken any son, nor meaning

*84) It should be, noted that this is a general refutation of the belief that Allah has a child or children, and incidentally refutes the Christian belief that Christ is the son of God.
Yet even some eminent commentators confine this to the refutation of the Christian belief.
Obviously, there is no reason why it was necessary to refute the Christian belief specifically in this context, when the whole discourse has been directed towards the disbelievers of Makkah alone, who were, like the Christians, guilty of this sort of shirk.

*85) Here the argument of Tauhid is based on this principle : Had there been more than one God or partners in Godhead, there would have been serious differences, conflicts and wars among the different sovereigns and rulers.
See Bani Isra'il ( XVII ): 42 and E.N.
47 thereof, and Al-Anbiya' ( XXI ): 22 and E.
N.
22 thereof.

 

Allah has no Partner or Associate Allah declares Himself to be above having any child or partner in dominion, control and worship.
He says: مَا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ مِن وَلَدٍ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ إِلَـهٍ إِذاً لَّذَهَبَ كُلُّ إِلَـهٍ بِمَا خَلَقَ وَلَعَلاَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ( No son did Allah beget, nor is there any god along with Him.
(If there had been many gods ), then each god would have taken away what he had created, and some would have tried to overcome others.) meaning, if it were decreed that there should be a plurality of deities, each of them would have exclusive control over whatever he had created, so there would never be any order in the universe.
But what we see is that the universe is ordered and cohesive, with the upper and lower realms connected to one another in the most perfect fashion. مَّا تَرَى فِى خَلْقِ الرَّحْمَـنِ مِن تَفَـوُتٍ ( you can see no fault in the creation of the Most Gracious ) 65:3.
Moreover, if there were a number of gods, each of them would try to subdue the other with enmity, and one would prevail over the other.
This has been mentioned by the scholars of `Ilm-ul-Kalam, who discussed it using the evidence of mutual resistance or counteraction.
This idea states that if there were two or more creators, one would want to make a body move while the other would want to keep it immobile, and if neither of them could achieve what they wanted, then both would be incapable, but the One Whose existence is essential i.e., Allah cannot be incapable.
It is impossible for the will of both to be fulfilled because of the conflict.
This dilemma only arises when a plurality of gods is suggested, so it is impossible for there to be such a plurality, because if the will of one is fulfilled and not the other, the one who prevails will be the one whose existence is essential ( i.e., God ) and the one who is prevailed over will be merely possible ( i.e., he is not divine ), because it is not befitting for the one to be defeated whose existence is essential.
Allah says: وَلَعَلاَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ سُبْحَـنَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ ( and some would have tried to overcome others! Glorified be Allah above all that they attribute to Him! ) meaning, high above all that the stubborn wrongdoers say when they claim that He has a son or partner. عَـلِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ ( All-Knower of the unseen and the seen! ) means, He knows what is hidden from His creatures and what they see. فَتَعَـلَى عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ ( Exalted be He over all that they associate as partners to Him! ) means, sanctified and glorified and exalted be He above all that the wrongdoers and liars say.

( Allah hath not chosen any son ) from the Children of Adam nor are the angels His daughters, ( nor is there any God along with Him ) as partner; ( else would ) if the case was as they claim then ( each God have assuredly championed that which he created ) each god would take for himself that which he created, ( and some of them would assuredly have overcome others. Glorified be Allah ) Allah exonerated Himself ( above all that they allege ) of all their lies.

No son (or offspring or children) did Allah beget, nor is there any ilah (god) along with Him; (if there had been many gods), behold, each god would have taken away what he had created, and some would have tried to overcome others! Glorified be Allah above all that they attribute to Him!

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