Surah Mumtahina ayat 12 Tafsir Quran 60:12

﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰ أَن لَّا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ ۙ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ﴾
[ الممتحنة: 12]

60:12 O Prophet, when the believing women come to you pledging to you that they will not associate anything with Allah, nor will they steal, nor will they commit unlawful sexual intercourse, nor will they kill their children, nor will they bring forth a slander they have invented between their arms and legs, nor will they disobey you in what is right - then accept their pledge and ask forgiveness for them of Allah. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.

O Prophet if believing women come to you pledging allegiance to you that they will not ascribe anything as partner to God and that they will not steal nor commit adultery nor slay their children as used to be done during the time of pagandom jāhiliyya when they would bury new-born girls alive fearing ignominy and impoverishment nor bring any lie that they have invented originating between their hands and their legs that is by bringing a foundling which they then falsely ascribe to the husband — it the lie is described in terms of a real child because when a woman gives birth to a child it falls between her hands and legs; nor disobey you in doing what is decent which is that which concords with obedience to God such as refraining from wailing ripping apart their clothes in grief pulling out their hair tearing open the front of their garments or scratching their faces then accept their allegiance — the Prophet s did this but in words and he did not shake hands with any of them — and ask God to forgive them; surely God is Forgiving Merciful.

O you the Prophet: If emigrating women who conformed to Islam come to you and pledge before Allah their vows to you that: they will not incorporate with Allah other deities, they will not steal, nor will they commit adultry nor infanticide, they will not speak or utter slanders nor relate falsehood, they will not conceive an illegitimate child and make the husband believe it is his, nor will they disobey you in matters crowned with equity; then you accept their pledge and invoke on their behalf Allahs forgiveness, for He is indeed Ghafurun and Rahimun

Perhaps Allah will make a Friendship between You and Those, whom You hold as Enemies Allah said to His faithful servants, after ordering them to be enemies with the disbelievers, عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُم مِّنْهُم مَّوَدَّةً ( Perhaps Allah will make friendship between you and those, whom you hold as enemies. ) meaning affection after animosity, tenderness after coldness and coming together after parting from each other, وَاللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ ( And Allah has power (over all things ),) Allah is able to gather opposites and bring together hearts, after feeling hostility and hardness.
In this case, the hearts will come together in agreement, just as Allah said when He mentioned His favor on the Ansar, وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنتُم أَعْدَآءً فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَاناً وَكُنتُمْ عَلَى شَفَا حُفْرَةٍ مِّنَ النَّارِ فَأَنقَذَكُمْ مِّنْهَا ( And remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies one to another but He joined your hearts together, so that, by His grace, you became brethren and were on the brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it. ) ( 3:103 ) Also the Prophet said to them,
«أَلَمْ أَجِدْكُمْ ضُلَّالًا فَهَدَاكُمُ اللهُ بِي، وَكُنْتُمْ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ فَأَلَّفَكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟»
( Did I not find you misguided, and Allah guided you through me; and divided, and Allah united your hearts through me ) Allah the Exalted said, وَإِن يُرِيدُواْ أَن يَخْدَعُوكَ فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِى أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ - وَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ لَوْ أَنفَقْتَ مَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعاً مَّآ أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِنَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ( He it is Who has supported you with His help and with the believers.
And He has united their hearts.
If you had spent all that is in the earth, you could not have united their hearts, but Allah has united them.
Certainly He is Almighty, All-Wise. ) ( 8:62,63 ) And in the Hadith:
«أَحْبِبْ حَبِيبَكَ هَوْنًا مَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ بَغِيضَكَ يَوْمًا مَا، وَأَبْغِضْ بَغِيضَكَ هَوْنًا مَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ حَبِيبَكَ يَوْمًا مَا»
( Love your loved one moderately, because one day, he might become your enemy.
Hate your hated one moderately, because one day, he might become your loved one. ) Allah's statement, وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ( And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. ) means, Allah forgives the disbelief of the disbelievers if they repent from it, returned to their Lord and surrendered to Him in Islam.
Surely, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most-Merciful to those who repent to Him from their sins, no matter what type of the sin it is. The Permissibility of being Kind to Disbelievers who do not fight against the Religion And Allah's statement; لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ ( Allah does not forbid you with those who fought not against you on account of religion nor drove you out of your homes, ) means, those who did not have a role in your expulsion.
Therefore, Allah does not forbid you from being kind to the disbelievers who do not fight you because of the religion, such as women and weak disbelievers, أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ ( to deal kindly ) to be gentle with them, وَتُقْسِطُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ ( and justly with those ) to be fair with them إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ( Verily, Allah loves those who deal with equity. ) Imam Ahmad recorded that Asma' bint Abu Bakr said, "My mother, who was an idolatress at the time, came to me during the Treaty of Peace, the Prophet conducted with the Quraysh.
I came to the Prophet and said, `O Allah's Messenger! My mother came visiting, desiring something from me, should I treat her with good relations' The Prophet said,
«نَعَمْ صِلِي أُمَّك»
( Yes.
Keep good relation with your mother. )" The Two Sahihs recorded this Hadith.
Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Zubayr said, "Qutaylah came visiting her daughter, Asma' bint Abi Bakr, with some gifts, such as Dibab, cheese and clarified ( cooking ) butter, and she was an idolatress at that time.
Asma' refused to accept her mother's gifts and did not let her enter her house.
`A'ishah asked the Prophet about his verdict and Allah sent down the Ayah, لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ ( Allah does not forbid you with those who fought not against you on account of religion ) until the end of the Ayah.
Allah's Messenger ﷺ ordered Asma' to accept her mother's gifts and to let her enter her house." Allah's statement, إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ( Allah loves those who deal with equity. ) was duly explained in the Tafsir of Surat Al-Hujurat.
We also mentioned the authentic Hadith,
«الْمُقْسِطُونَ عَلى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ عَنْ يَمِينِ الْعَرْشِ، الَّذِينَ يَعْدِلُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِمْ وَأَهَالِيهِمْ وَمَا وَلُوا»
( The just, who are fair in their decisions, families and those under their authority, will be on podiums made of light, to the right of the Throne. ) The Prohibition of being Kind towards Combatant Disbelievers إِنَّمَا يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَـتَلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ وَظَـهَرُواْ عَلَى إِخْرَجِكُمْ أَن تَوَلَّوْهُمْ ( It is only as regards those who fought against you on account of religion, and have driven you out of your homes, and helped to drive you out that Allah forbids you to befriend them. ) ( 60:9 ) means, `Allah forbids you from being kind and befriending with the disbelievers who are openly hostile to you, those who fought against you, expelled you and helped to expel you.
Allah the Exalted forbids you from being their friends and orders you to be their enemy.' Then Allah stresses His threat against being friends with them, by saying, وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ ( And whosoever will befriend them, then such are the wrongdoers. ) As He said; يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الظَّـلِمِينَ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as protecting friends, they are but protecting friends of each other.
And if any among you takes them (as protecting friends ), then surely, he is one of them.
Verily, Allah guides not those people who are the wrongdoers) ( 5:51 ) يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا جَآءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتُ مُهَـجِرَتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَـنِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَـتٍ فَلاَ تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لاَ هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَلاَ هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ وَءَاتُوهُم مَّآ أَنفَقُواْ وَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَلاَ تُمْسِكُواْ بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْـَلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْـَلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ ذَلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌوَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّـرِ فَعَـقَبْتُمْ فَآتُواْ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَجُهُمْ مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ الَّذِى أَنتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ

(60:12) O Prophet, when believing women come to you and pledge *18 to you that they will not associate aught with Allah in His Divinity, that they will not steal, *19 that they will not commit illicit sexual intercourse, that they will not kill their children, *20 that they will not bring forth a calumny between their hands and feet, *21 and that they will not disobey you in anything known to be good, *22 then accept their allegiance *23 and ask Allah to forgive them. Surely Allah is Most Forgiving, Most Compassionate.

O Prophet, when the believing women come meaning

*18) As we have explained above, this verse was sent down some time before the conquest of Makkah.
After the conquest the Quraish stated coming to the Holy Prophet in large numbers to take the oath of allegiance.
From the men he took the oath himself on Mount Safa, As for the woman he appointed Hadrat 'Umar to administer the oath to them on his behalf and to ask them to pledge that they would refrain from the things mentioned in this verse.
( Ibn Jarir, on the authority Of Ibn 'Abbas; Ibn Abi Hatim, on the authority of Qatadah ).
Then.
on his return to Madinah he ordered the Muslim women of Madinah to be gathered together in a house and he sent Hadrat Umar to take the oath from them.
( Ibn Jarir, Ibn Marduyah, Bazzar, Ibn Hibban, on the authority of Umm 'Atiyyah Ansariah ).
On the 'Id day also, after his address to men, he went to the assembly of women and in his sermon to than he recited this verse and asked them to pledge that they would refrain from the things mentioned in it.
( Bukhari on the authority of Ibn `Abbas's tradition ).
Apart from these occasions.
at different other tithes also, the women came before the Holy Prophet individually as well as collectively to take the oath of allegiance, as mentioned in several Ahadith.

*19) In Makkah, when the oath of allegiance was being administered, Hind bint `Utbah.
wife of Abu Sufyan, asked the Holy Prophet its explanation and said: " Messenger of Allah, Abu Sufyan is rather stingy.
Will it be sinful if I take out something from his wealth without his permission to meet my own and my children's needs? " The Holy Prophet replied: " Nay, but only ,lastly and lawfully; i.e.
take only that much as may actually suffice for your needs. " ( Ibn al--'Arabi, Ahkam al-Qur'an ).

*20) This also includes abortion, whether ii is abortion of the legitimate or of the illegitimate foetus.

*21) This implies two kinds of calumny: ( 1 ) a woman's accusing other women of having illicit relations with other men and her spreading such stories among the people, for the women are generally prone to spreading such things; and ( 2 ) a woman's delivering a child by somebody else and making her husband believe that it is his.
Abu Da'ud has related a tradition from Abu Hurairah saying that he heard the Holy Prophet say: " The woman who brings such a child into a family as does not actually belong to it, has no connection with Allah, and Allah will never admit her to Paradise. "
*22) In this brief sentence two important points of the law have been stated:
First, that obedience even to the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah s peace ) has boon restricted to " in what is good ", although about the Holy Prophet no one could imagine that he would order somebody 10 do an evil From this it automatically follows that no one in the world can be obeyed outside the bounds of Divine law.
For when obedience to Allah's Messenger-himself is conditional upon " in what is good ".
who else can have a position to demand unconditional obedience and require the people to obey and follow each of his commands laws, rules or customs, which are opposed to the law of Allah? The Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) has stated this principle, thus: " There is no obedience in the disobedience of Allah; obedience is only in what is good and right. " ( Muslim, Abu Da'ud, Nasa'i ).
Our great doctors have derived this very theme from this verse, Hadrat 'Abdur Rehman bin Zaid bin Aslam says:
" Allah has not said that they should not disobey you ( the Holy Prophet ) but that they should not disobey you in what is good.

Then, when Allah Almighty has made obedience even to the Holy Prophet himself conditional upon this, how can another person have the right that he should be obeyed in anything but what is good? " ( Ibn Jarir ).

Imam Abu Bakr al-Jassas writes:
" Allah knew that His Prophet never enjoined anything but what was good.
Still He restricted obedience to him only in what is good, so that no one ever may find a provision to obey the kings when they enjoined something outside the obedience of AIIah.
The Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) has said: 'He who obeys a creature in disobedience to the Creator, Allah appoints the.
same c creature over him in power' .
" ( Ahkam al-Qur an ).

'Allama Alusi says:
" This command refutes the view of those ignorant people who think that obedience to the ruler is absolutely necessary.
Allah has restricted even obedience to His Messenger only in what is good, whereas the Messenger never enjoins anything but what is good.
This is meant to wam the people that obedience to no one is lawful in disobedience to the Creator.
" ( Ruh al-Ma ani ).

Thus, this command in fact, is the foundation stone of the rule of law in Islam.
The rule is that anything which is opposed to the law of Islam is a crime, and no one has the right to enjoin any such thing on any one.
Anyone who enjoins anything against the law, is a culprit; and the one who obeys such a command is .
also a culprit.
No subordinate can escape the punishment on the basis of the excuse that his superior officer had ordered him to do something which was a crime in the law.

The other thing which has great legal import is that in this verse after enjoining five prohibitions only one positive command has been given, namely that the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) will be obeyed in aII good things.
As for the evils, the major evils in which women of the pre-Islamic days were generally involved, have been mentioned and a pledge taken from them to refrain from them.
But as for the good works, they have neither been mentioned nor any pledge taken to observe them.
The only pledge that has been taken is that they will have to obey the Holy Prophet in every good work that he enjoins.
Now obviously, if the good works be only those which AIIah Almighty has enjoined in the Qur'an,.the pledge should have been to the effect: " You will not disobey AIIah, " or " You will not disobey the injunctions of the Qur'an. " But when the pledge taken was to the effect: " You will not disobey any good work that is enjoined by the Messenger of Allah ", it automatically leads to the conclusion that the Holy Prophet has been given vast powers for the reformation of society, and it is obligatory to obey aII his commands, whether they are found in the Qur'an or not.

On the basis of this very legal authority the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) asked the women to pledge that they would refrain from all those evils which were prevalent among the women of .he Arabian society at that time, and gave several such commands as havc not been mentioned in the Qur'an.
One may study the following AhadIth in this connection
Ibn 'Abbas, Umm Salamah, Umm `Atiyyah Ansariah and others have reported that the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) while administering the oath of allegiance to the women asked them to pledge that they would refrain from mourning over the dead.
These traditions havc been related by Bukhari, Muslim, Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir.

A tradition reported by Ibn `Abbas contains this detal: " The Holy Prophet appointed Hadrat `Umar to administer the oath of allegiance to the women and commanded that he should forbid them to mourn over the dead, for in the days of pre-Islamic ignorance women used to tear their clothes and hair, scratched their faces and bewailed in aloud voice. " ( Ibn Jarir ).

Zaid bin Aslam has reported that the Holy Prophet white administering the oath of allegiance forbade the women to scratch their faces tear their garments, bewail and sing verses while mourning over the dead.
( Ibn Jarir ).
Another tradition bearing on the same subject has been reported by Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Jarir from a woman who was among the women taking the oath of allegiance .

Qatadah and Hasan Basri ( may Allah bless them ) say that one of the things that the Holy Prophet ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) had made the women to pledge also was that they would refain from talking with the other men freely.
Ibn 'Abbas has explained it in a tradition, thus: " That they would not talk with the other men in private. " Qatadah has further explained it thus: hearing this command Hadrat 'Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf said; `O Messenger of Allah.
sometimes it so happens that we are not present in the house and somebody comes to see us.' The Holy Prophet replied: 'I do not mean this.
" That is, the woman is not forbidden to tell the visitor that the master of the house is not present. " ( These traditions have been cited by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim ).

Hadrat 'Abdullah bin 'Amr bin al-'As has reported another tradition from Umaimah bint-Rugaiqah, maternal aunt of Hadrat Fatimah ( may AIlah be pleased with her ), saying: " The Holy Prophet made me to pledge that I would neither bewail the dead nor display myself like the women of the pre-Islamic paganism. " ( Musnad Ahmad, Ibn Jarir ).

Salmah bint Qais, a maternal aunt of the Holy Prophet, says: °I went before the Holy Prophet with some other women of the Ansar to take the oath of allegiance.
He made us to pledge that we would abstain from the things mentioned in this verse, and then said: `Do not defraud your husbands.' When we were about to leave, a woman said to me: `Go and ask the Holy Prophet what is meant by defrauding the husbands?' When I went and asked the explanation, he replied: 'This that you should defraud him of his money and expend it on others." ( Musnad Ahmad ).

Umm 'Atiyyah says: "The Holy Prophet after administering to us the oath commanded us that we would attend the `Id congregational prayers, but the Friday prayer is not obligatory for us, and he forbade us to follow the bier." ( Ibn Jarir ).

The people who think that the constitutional powers and authority that the Holy Prophet possessed emanated from his position as a ruler instead of his position as a Messenger of Allah, and say that since he was also the ruler at the time, whatever commands he gave in that capacity were only meant to be obeyed during his time, say an absurd thing.
Consider the Holy Prophet's commands and intructiions that we have cited above.
If these instructions given by him for the reformation of the woman had emanated only from his position as a ruler how could these reforms then be introduced and enforced among the women of the Muslim society of the entire world for ever? Which ruler has there been in the world, who might have had the position that a command issued by him just once for a reform might have become enforced in the Muslim society everywhere in the world for ever? ( For further explanation, see E.
N .
15 of Surah Al-Hashr ).

*23) Several authentic Ahadith show that in the Holy Prophet's time the procedure of administering the oath of allegiance to the women was different from that to the men.
For the men the procedure was that the ones pledging allegiance would give their hand in the hand of the Holy Prophet and take the oath.
As for the women; the Holy Prophet never took any woman's hand in his own hand, but adopted different other methods.
In this connection, the following traditions have been reported:
Hadrat 'A'ishah says: "By God, in connection with the oath of allegiance the Holy Prophet's hand never touched any other woman's hand.
While administering the oath of allegiance to a woman, he would only say to her: 'I have accepted your allegiance' ." ( Bukhari, Ibn Jarir ).

Umaimah bint Ruqaiqah has stated: "I along with some other wvmcn went before the Holy Prophet to pledge allegiance, and ho made us to pledge according to this verse of the Qur'iin.
When we said: `We will not disobey you in what is good and right', he said: 'As far as it is in your power.' We submitted: `AIIah and His Messenger arc more kind to us than we could be to ourselves.' Then we said: 'O Messenger of Allah, stretch your hand so that we may pledge allegiance.' He replied: 'I do not shake hands with women: I only make them take the pledge.
So he made us to pledge." In another tradition she has stated: "The Holy Prophet did not take the hand of any of us in his own hand.
" ( Musnad Ahmad, Tirmidhi, Nasa'i, Ibn Majah, Ibn Jarir, Ibn Abi Hatim ).

Abu Da'ud, in Marasi, has related this from Sha'bi: "While administering the oath of allegiance to the women, a sheet of cloth was stretched towards the Holy Prophet, which he took in his hand and said: `I do not take the woman's hand in my hand'." This same subject has been related by Ibn Abi Hatim from Sha'bi, by 'Abdur Razzaq from Ibrahim Nakha`i and by Sa'id bin Mansur from Qais bin Abi Hazim.

Ibn Ishaq, in Maghazi has related this from Aban bin Salih.: "The Holy Prophet would put his hand in a vessel full of water and then the woman also would put her hand in the same vessel.
" In Bukhari, a tradition from `Abdullah bin 'Abbas is to the effect: "After giving the 'Id congregational sermon, the Holy Prophet went through the rows of the then to the place where the women were sitting.
There, in his address, he recited this verse of the Qur'an, then asked the women: `Do you promise to act according to it?' A woman from the assembly replied: `Yes, O Messenger of Allah' .

In a tradition related by Ibn Hibban, Ibn Jarir, Bazzar and others, Umm 'Atiyyah Ansariah has stated this: " The Holy Prophet extended his hand from outside the house and we extended our hands from inside the house.
" But this does not prove that the wvmcn might have shaken hands with the Holy Prophet, for Hadrat Umm `Atiyyah has not made any mention of the shaking of hands.
Probably on this occasion for the purpose of taking the pledge the Holy Prophet might have extended his hand from outside and the women their hands from inside the house towards him without any of their hands touching his.

Perhaps Allah will make a Friendship between You and Those, whom You hold as Enemies Allah said to His faithful servants, after ordering them to be enemies with the disbelievers, عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُم مِّنْهُم مَّوَدَّةً ( Perhaps Allah will make friendship between you and those, whom you hold as enemies. ) meaning affection after animosity, tenderness after coldness and coming together after parting from each other, وَاللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ ( And Allah has power (over all things ),) Allah is able to gather opposites and bring together hearts, after feeling hostility and hardness.
In this case, the hearts will come together in agreement, just as Allah said when He mentioned His favor on the Ansar, وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنتُم أَعْدَآءً فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَاناً وَكُنتُمْ عَلَى شَفَا حُفْرَةٍ مِّنَ النَّارِ فَأَنقَذَكُمْ مِّنْهَا ( And remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies one to another but He joined your hearts together, so that, by His grace, you became brethren and were on the brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it. ) ( 3:103 ) Also the Prophet said to them, «أَلَمْ أَجِدْكُمْ ضُلَّالًا فَهَدَاكُمُ اللهُ بِي، وَكُنْتُمْ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ فَأَلَّفَكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟» ( Did I not find you misguided, and Allah guided you through me; and divided, and Allah united your hearts through me ) Allah the Exalted said, وَإِن يُرِيدُواْ أَن يَخْدَعُوكَ فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِى أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ - وَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ لَوْ أَنفَقْتَ مَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعاً مَّآ أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِنَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ( He it is Who has supported you with His help and with the believers.
And He has united their hearts.
If you had spent all that is in the earth, you could not have united their hearts, but Allah has united them.
Certainly He is Almighty, All-Wise. ) ( 8:62,63 ) And in the Hadith: «أَحْبِبْ حَبِيبَكَ هَوْنًا مَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ بَغِيضَكَ يَوْمًا مَا، وَأَبْغِضْ بَغِيضَكَ هَوْنًا مَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ حَبِيبَكَ يَوْمًا مَا» ( Love your loved one moderately, because one day, he might become your enemy.
Hate your hated one moderately, because one day, he might become your loved one. ) Allah's statement, وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ( And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. ) means, Allah forgives the disbelief of the disbelievers if they repent from it, returned to their Lord and surrendered to Him in Islam.
Surely, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most-Merciful to those who repent to Him from their sins, no matter what type of the sin it is. The Permissibility of being Kind to Disbelievers who do not fight against the Religion And Allah's statement; لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ ( Allah does not forbid you with those who fought not against you on account of religion nor drove you out of your homes, ) means, those who did not have a role in your expulsion.
Therefore, Allah does not forbid you from being kind to the disbelievers who do not fight you because of the religion, such as women and weak disbelievers, أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ ( to deal kindly ) to be gentle with them, وَتُقْسِطُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ ( and justly with those ) to be fair with them إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ( Verily, Allah loves those who deal with equity. ) Imam Ahmad recorded that Asma' bint Abu Bakr said, "My mother, who was an idolatress at the time, came to me during the Treaty of Peace, the Prophet conducted with the Quraysh.
I came to the Prophet and said, `O Allah's Messenger! My mother came visiting, desiring something from me, should I treat her with good relations' The Prophet said, «نَعَمْ صِلِي أُمَّك» ( Yes.
Keep good relation with your mother. )" The Two Sahihs recorded this Hadith.
Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Zubayr said, "Qutaylah came visiting her daughter, Asma' bint Abi Bakr, with some gifts, such as Dibab, cheese and clarified ( cooking ) butter, and she was an idolatress at that time.
Asma' refused to accept her mother's gifts and did not let her enter her house.
`A'ishah asked the Prophet about his verdict and Allah sent down the Ayah, لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ ( Allah does not forbid you with those who fought not against you on account of religion ) until the end of the Ayah.
Allah's Messenger ﷺ ordered Asma' to accept her mother's gifts and to let her enter her house." Allah's statement, إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ ( Allah loves those who deal with equity. ) was duly explained in the Tafsir of Surat Al-Hujurat.
We also mentioned the authentic Hadith, «الْمُقْسِطُونَ عَلى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ عَنْ يَمِينِ الْعَرْشِ، الَّذِينَ يَعْدِلُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِمْ وَأَهَالِيهِمْ وَمَا وَلُوا» ( The just, who are fair in their decisions, families and those under their authority, will be on podiums made of light, to the right of the Throne. ) The Prohibition of being Kind towards Combatant Disbelievers إِنَّمَا يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَـتَلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ وَظَـهَرُواْ عَلَى إِخْرَجِكُمْ أَن تَوَلَّوْهُمْ ( It is only as regards those who fought against you on account of religion, and have driven you out of your homes, and helped to drive you out that Allah forbids you to befriend them. ) ( 60:9 ) means, `Allah forbids you from being kind and befriending with the disbelievers who are openly hostile to you, those who fought against you, expelled you and helped to expel you.
Allah the Exalted forbids you from being their friends and orders you to be their enemy.' Then Allah stresses His threat against being friends with them, by saying, وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ ( And whosoever will befriend them, then such are the wrongdoers. ) As He said; يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الظَّـلِمِينَ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as protecting friends, they are but protecting friends of each other.
And if any among you takes them (as protecting friends ), then surely, he is one of them.
Verily, Allah guides not those people who are the wrongdoers) ( 5:51 ) يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا جَآءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتُ مُهَـجِرَتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَـنِهِنَّ فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَـتٍ فَلاَ تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ لاَ هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَلاَ هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ وَءَاتُوهُم مَّآ أَنفَقُواْ وَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَلاَ تُمْسِكُواْ بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ وَاسْـَلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْـَلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ ذَلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌوَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّـرِ فَعَـقَبْتُمْ فَآتُواْ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَجُهُمْ مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ الَّذِى أَنتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ

( O Prophet! ) Meaning Muhammad ( If believing women ) the woman of the people of Mecca ( come unto thee ) after the conquest of Mecca, ( taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe nothing as partner unto Allah ) among idols nor deem this to be lawful, ( and will neither steal ) or deem stealing permitted ( nor commit adultery ) or deem it lawful ( nor kill their children ) nor bury their daughters alive or deem this to be lawful, ( nor produce any lie ) nor bring any child conceived from fornication ( that they have devised between their hands and feet ) and then tell their husbands it is theirs, ( nor disobey you in what is right ) nor disobey you in all that which you command and forbid them such as shunning wailing, pulling out their hair, tearing apart their clothes, scratching their faces, rending their outer garments, shaving their heads, being alone with strangers or travelling alone a journey of three days or less without the company of an unmarriageable person, ( then accept their allegiance ) on this ( and ask Allah to forgive them ) that which they committed in the pre-Islamic era. ( Lo! Allah is Forgiving ) after the conquest of Mecca, He forgives them what they committed in the pre-Islamic period, ( Merciful ) in relation to what they do after they have accepted Islam.

O Prophet! When believing women come to you to give you the Bai'a (pledge), that they will not associate anything in worship with Allah, that they will not steal, that they will not commit illegal sexual intercourse, that they will not kill their children, that they will not utter slander, intentionally forging falsehood (i.e. by making illegal children belonging to their husbands), and that they will not disobey you in any Ma'ruf (Islamic Monotheism and all that which Islam ordains) then accept their Bai'a (pledge), and ask Allah to forgive them, Verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

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