Surah Sad ayat 13 Tafsir Quran 38:13

﴿وَثَمُودُ وَقَوْمُ لُوطٍ وَأَصْحَابُ الْأَيْكَةِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ الْأَحْزَابُ﴾
[ ص: 13]

38:13 And [the tribe of] Thamud and the people of Lot and the companions of the thicket. Those are the companies.

and Thamūd and the people of Lot and the dwellers in the wood a small forest namely the people of Shu‘ayb peace be upon him — those were the factions.

And the people of Thamud (the Thamudites), the people of Lut and the Woodlanders (the Midianites), each and all of whom confederated against the truth

A Reminder of Those Who were destroyed among the Previous Nations Allah tells us about those past nations and the punishment and vengeance that struck them for their going against the Messengers and disbelieving in the Prophets, peace be upon them.
We have already seen their stories in detail in numerous places ( in the Qur'an ).
Allah says: أُوْلَـئِكَ الاٌّحْزَابُ ( such were the Confederates. ) meaning, `they were greater and stronger than you, they had more wealth and children, but that did not protect them from the punishment of Allah at all when the command of your Lord came to pass.' Allah says: إِن كُلٌّ إِلاَّ كَذَّبَ الرٌّسُلَ فَحَقَّ عِقَابِ ( Not one of them but denied the Messengers; therefore My torment was justified. ) `The reason for their destruction was their disbelief in the Messengers, so let those who are addressed here beware and be afraid.' وَمَا يَنظُرُ هَـؤُلآءِ إِلاَّ صَيْحَةً وحِدَةً مَّا لَهَا مِن فَوَاقٍ ( And these only wait for a single Sayhah there will be no pause or ending thereto. ) Malik narrated from Zayd bin Aslam; "There will none who can avert it," i.e., they will only wait for the Hour that it shall come upon them suddenly while they perceive not.
But some of its portents have already come, i.e., it has drawn nigh.
This Sayhah is the blast on the Trumpet when Allah will command Israfil to sound a long note, and there will be no one in the heaven or on earth but will be terrified, except those whom Allah spares. وَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا عَجِّل لَّنَا قِطَّنَا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ ( They say: "Our Lord! Hasten to us Qittana before the Day of Reckoning!" ) Here Allah denounces the idolators for calling for the punishment to be hastened upon themselves.
Qitt refers to a book or record, or it was said that it means one's allotted share or fortune.
Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan and others said, "They asked for the punishment to be hastened." Qatadah added, this is like when they said: e اللَّهُمَّ إِن كَانَ هَـذَا هُوَ الْحَقَّ مِنْ عِندِكَ فَأَمْطِرْ عَلَيْنَا حِجَارَةً مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ أَوِ ائْتِنَا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ( "O Allah! If this (the Qur'an ) is indeed the truth from You, then rain down stones on us from the sky or bring on us a painful torment.") ( 8:32 ).
It was also said that they asked for their share of Paradise to be hastened, if it really existed, so that they might have their share in this world; they said this because they thought it unlikely to exist and they disbelieved in it.
Ibn Jarir said, "They asked for whatever they deserved, good or bad, to be hastened for them in this world." What he said is good, and A-Dahhak and Isma`il bin Abi Khalid based their views on it.
And Allah knows best.
They said this by way of mockery and disbelief, so Allah commanded His Messenger to be patient in the face of their insults, and He gave him the glad tidings that his patience would be rewarded with victory and success.

A Reminder of Those Who were destroyed among the Previous Nations Allah tells us about those past nations and the punishment and vengeance that struck them for their going against the Messengers and disbelieving in the Prophets, peace be upon them.
We have already seen their stories in detail in numerous places ( in the Qur'an ).
Allah says: أُوْلَـئِكَ الاٌّحْزَابُ ( such were the Confederates. ) meaning, `they were greater and stronger than you, they had more wealth and children, but that did not protect them from the punishment of Allah at all when the command of your Lord came to pass.' Allah says: إِن كُلٌّ إِلاَّ كَذَّبَ الرٌّسُلَ فَحَقَّ عِقَابِ ( Not one of them but denied the Messengers; therefore My torment was justified. ) `The reason for their destruction was their disbelief in the Messengers, so let those who are addressed here beware and be afraid.' وَمَا يَنظُرُ هَـؤُلآءِ إِلاَّ صَيْحَةً وحِدَةً مَّا لَهَا مِن فَوَاقٍ ( And these only wait for a single Sayhah there will be no pause or ending thereto. ) Malik narrated from Zayd bin Aslam; "There will none who can avert it," i.e., they will only wait for the Hour that it shall come upon them suddenly while they perceive not.
But some of its portents have already come, i.e., it has drawn nigh.
This Sayhah is the blast on the Trumpet when Allah will command Israfil to sound a long note, and there will be no one in the heaven or on earth but will be terrified, except those whom Allah spares. وَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا عَجِّل لَّنَا قِطَّنَا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ ( They say: "Our Lord! Hasten to us Qittana before the Day of Reckoning!" ) Here Allah denounces the idolators for calling for the punishment to be hastened upon themselves.
Qitt refers to a book or record, or it was said that it means one's allotted share or fortune.
Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan and others said, "They asked for the punishment to be hastened." Qatadah added, this is like when they said: e اللَّهُمَّ إِن كَانَ هَـذَا هُوَ الْحَقَّ مِنْ عِندِكَ فَأَمْطِرْ عَلَيْنَا حِجَارَةً مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ أَوِ ائْتِنَا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ( "O Allah! If this (the Qur'an ) is indeed the truth from You, then rain down stones on us from the sky or bring on us a painful torment.") ( 8:32 ).
It was also said that they asked for their share of Paradise to be hastened, if it really existed, so that they might have their share in this world; they said this because they thought it unlikely to exist and they disbelieved in it.
Ibn Jarir said, "They asked for whatever they deserved, good or bad, to be hastened for them in this world." What he said is good, and A-Dahhak and Isma`il bin Abi Khalid based their views on it.
And Allah knows best.
They said this by way of mockery and disbelief, so Allah commanded His Messenger to be patient in the face of their insults, and He gave him the glad tidings that his patience would be rewarded with victory and success.

( And (the tribe of ) Thamud) the folk of Salih denied Salih; ( and the folk of Lot ) denied Lot, ( and the dwellers in the wood ) the folk of Shu’ayb also denied Shu’ayb: ( these were the factions ) these were the disbelievers.

And Thamud, and the people of Lout (Lot), and the dwellers of the wood; such were the confederates.

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