Surah Luqman ayat 14 Tafsir Quran 31:14

﴿وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْنًا عَلَىٰ وَهْنٍ وَفِصَالُهُ فِي عَامَيْنِ أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيْكَ إِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ﴾
[ لقمان: 14]

31:14 And We have enjoined upon man [care] for his parents. His mother carried him, [increasing her] in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning is in two years. Be grateful to Me and to your parents; to Me is the [final] destination.

And We have enjoined man concerning his parents We commanded him to be dutiful towards them — his mother bears him and weakens in weakness after weakness that is to say she is weakened by the pregnancy the pains of labour and the delivery; and his weaning is in two years and We said to him to man ‘Give thanks to Me and to your parents. To Me is the journey’s end the return.

We commended to man his parents to commit them to his kind care -and to display to them a gentle and a kind disposition- With travail does his mother bear him in her womb and she spends two years (in suckling him) before he is weaned. And We exhorted him, thus: Impel yourself O man to the feeling of gratitude and gratefulness to Me and to your parents, for in the end to Me shall be the destination

Luqman's Advice to His Son Allah tells us how Luqman advised his son.
His full name was Luqman bin `Anqa' bin Sadun, and his son's name was Tharan, according to a saying quoted by As-Suhayli.
Allah describes him in the best terms, and states that he granted him wisdom.
Luqman advised his son, the closest and most beloved of all people to him, who deserved to be given the best of his knowledge.
So, Luqman started by advising him to worship Allah Alone, and not to associate anything with Him.
Then he warned him: إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ ( Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong ) indeed.) meaning, it is the greatest wrong.
Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah said: "When the Ayah الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُواْ إِيمَـنَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ ( It is those who believe and confuse not their belief with Zulm )( 6:82 ) was revealed, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ were distressed by this, and said, `Who among us does not confuse his belief with Zulm' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِذَاكَ، أَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَى قَوْلِ لُقْمَانَ: يَبُنَىَّ لاَ تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ» ( That is not what it means.
Have you not heard what Luqman said: (O my son! Join not in worship others with Allah.
Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong ) indeed))" It was recorded by Muslim.
When Luqman advised his son to worship Allah Alone, he also told him to honor his parents.
This is like the Ayah, وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ إِلاَّ إِيَّـهُ وَبِالْوَلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَـناً ( And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him.
And that you be dutiful to your parents ) ( 17:23 ).
These two things are often mentioned together in the Qur'an.
Allah says here: وَوَصَّيْنَا الإِنْسَـنَ بِوَلِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْناً عَلَى وَهْنٍ ( And We have enjoined on man (to be dutiful and good ) to his parents.
His mother bore him in weakness and hardship upon weakness and hardship,) Mujahid said: "The hardship of bearing the child." Qatadah said: "Exhaustion upon exhaustion." `Ata' Al-Khurasani said: "Weakness upon weakness." وَفِصَالُهُ فِى عَامَيْنِ ( and his weaning is in two years ) means, after he is born, he is breastfed and weaned within two years.
This is like the Ayah, وَالْوَلِدَتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَـدَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ ( The mothers shall give suck to their children for two whole years, for those who desire to complete the term of suckling )( 2:233 ).
On this basis, Ibn `Abbas and other Imams understood that the shortest possible period of pregnancy was six months, because Allah says elsewhere: وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَـلُهُ ثَلاَثُونَ شَهْراً ( and the bearing of him, and the weaning of him is thirty months ) ( 46:15 ).
Allah mentions how the mother brings the child up, and how she gets tired and suffers stress from staying up with the child night and day, to remind the son of her previous kind treatment of him.
This is like the Ayah, وَقُل رَّبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِى صَغِيرًا ( and say: "My Lord! Bestow on them Your mercy as they did bring me up when I was young." ) ( 17:24 ).
Allah says here: أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِى وَلِوَلِدَيْكَ إِلَىَّ الْمَصِيرُ ( give thanks to Me and to your parents.
Unto Me is the final destination. ) means, `I will reward you most generously for that.' وَإِن جَـهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَن تُشْرِكَ بِى مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلاَ تُطِعْهُمَا ( But if they strive with you to make you join in worship with Me others that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not; ) means, if they try hard to make you follow them in their religion, then do not accept that from them, but do not let that stop you from behaving with them in the world kindly, i.e.
treating them with respect. وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَىَّ ( and follow the path of him who turns to Me in repentance and in obedience. ) means, the believers. ثُمَّ إِلَىَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ ( Then to Me will be your return, and I shall tell you what you used to do. ) At-Tabarani recorded in Al-`Ishrah that Sa`d bin Malik said, "This Ayah, وَإِن جَـهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَن تُشْرِكَ بِى مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلاَ تُطِعْهُمَا ( But if they strive with you to make you join in worship with Me others that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not; ) was revealed concerning me.
I was a man who honored his mother, but when I became Muslim, she said: `O Sa`d! What is this new thing I see you doing Leave this religion of yours, or I will not eat or drink until I die, and people will say: Shame on you, for what you have done to me, and they will say that you have killed your mother.' I said, `Do not do that, O mother, for I will not give up this religion of mine for anything.' She stayed without eating for one day and one night, and she became exhausted; then she stayed for another day and night without eating, and she became utterly exhausted.
When I saw that, I said: `O my mother, by Allah, even if you had one hundred souls and they were to depart one by one, I would not give up this religion of mine for anything, so if you want to, eat, and if you want to, do not eat.' So she ate."

(31:14) We *22 enjoined upon man to be dutiful to his parents. His mother bore him in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning lasted two years. *23 (We, therefore, enjoined upon him): 'Give thanks to Me and to your parents. To Me is your ultimate return.

And We have enjoined upon man [care] meaning

*22) The whole passage from lure to the end of the paragraph is a parenthesis, which AIIah has inserted as a further explanation of the saying of Luqman.

*23) From these words, Imam Shafe'i, Imam Ahmad, Imam Abu Yusuf.
and Imam Muhammad have drawn the conclusion that the suckling period of the child is two years.
If a child has been suckled by a woman within this period, they will be forbidden for each other, but if outside and beyond this period, they will not be so.
A saying of Imam Malik also supports this.
But Imam Abu Hanifah has proposed the period of two and a half years as a precaution, and has added that it' the child has been weaned after two years, or even earlier, and it is no longer dependent upon suckling for its food, no woman would be forbidden for him If she gave him suck after that period, However, if the real food of the child is still milk.
suckling during the period will render him and her forbidden for each other in spite of his eating the other food in a more or less quantity.
For, the verse does not mean that the child should be suckled necessarily for two years.
In Surah AI Baqarah it has been said: 'The mothers shall suckle their children for two whole years, if the fathers desire the suckling to be completed." ( v.
233 ).
Ibn 'Abbas from these words has concluded, and other scholars have agreed with him in this, that the shortest period of pregnancy is six months, for the Qur'an at another place says: "His bearing ( ita the womb ) and his weaning took thirty months." ( Ahqaf: 15 ) This is an important legal point which helps resolve many disputes concerning legitimate and illegitimate births.

 

Luqman's Advice to His Son Allah tells us how Luqman advised his son.
His full name was Luqman bin `Anqa' bin Sadun, and his son's name was Tharan, according to a saying quoted by As-Suhayli.
Allah describes him in the best terms, and states that he granted him wisdom.
Luqman advised his son, the closest and most beloved of all people to him, who deserved to be given the best of his knowledge.
So, Luqman started by advising him to worship Allah Alone, and not to associate anything with Him.
Then he warned him: إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ ( Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong ) indeed.) meaning, it is the greatest wrong.
Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah said: "When the Ayah الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُواْ إِيمَـنَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ ( It is those who believe and confuse not their belief with Zulm )( 6:82 ) was revealed, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ were distressed by this, and said, `Who among us does not confuse his belief with Zulm' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِذَاكَ، أَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَى قَوْلِ لُقْمَانَ: يَبُنَىَّ لاَ تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ» ( That is not what it means.
Have you not heard what Luqman said: (O my son! Join not in worship others with Allah.
Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong ) indeed))" It was recorded by Muslim.
When Luqman advised his son to worship Allah Alone, he also told him to honor his parents.
This is like the Ayah, وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ إِلاَّ إِيَّـهُ وَبِالْوَلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَـناً ( And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him.
And that you be dutiful to your parents ) ( 17:23 ).
These two things are often mentioned together in the Qur'an.
Allah says here: وَوَصَّيْنَا الإِنْسَـنَ بِوَلِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْناً عَلَى وَهْنٍ ( And We have enjoined on man (to be dutiful and good ) to his parents.
His mother bore him in weakness and hardship upon weakness and hardship,) Mujahid said: "The hardship of bearing the child." Qatadah said: "Exhaustion upon exhaustion." `Ata' Al-Khurasani said: "Weakness upon weakness." وَفِصَالُهُ فِى عَامَيْنِ ( and his weaning is in two years ) means, after he is born, he is breastfed and weaned within two years.
This is like the Ayah, وَالْوَلِدَتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَـدَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ ( The mothers shall give suck to their children for two whole years, for those who desire to complete the term of suckling )( 2:233 ).
On this basis, Ibn `Abbas and other Imams understood that the shortest possible period of pregnancy was six months, because Allah says elsewhere: وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَـلُهُ ثَلاَثُونَ شَهْراً ( and the bearing of him, and the weaning of him is thirty months ) ( 46:15 ).
Allah mentions how the mother brings the child up, and how she gets tired and suffers stress from staying up with the child night and day, to remind the son of her previous kind treatment of him.
This is like the Ayah, وَقُل رَّبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِى صَغِيرًا ( and say: "My Lord! Bestow on them Your mercy as they did bring me up when I was young." ) ( 17:24 ).
Allah says here: أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِى وَلِوَلِدَيْكَ إِلَىَّ الْمَصِيرُ ( give thanks to Me and to your parents.
Unto Me is the final destination. ) means, `I will reward you most generously for that.' وَإِن جَـهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَن تُشْرِكَ بِى مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلاَ تُطِعْهُمَا ( But if they strive with you to make you join in worship with Me others that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not; ) means, if they try hard to make you follow them in their religion, then do not accept that from them, but do not let that stop you from behaving with them in the world kindly, i.e.
treating them with respect. وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَىَّ ( and follow the path of him who turns to Me in repentance and in obedience. ) means, the believers. ثُمَّ إِلَىَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ ( Then to Me will be your return, and I shall tell you what you used to do. ) At-Tabarani recorded in Al-`Ishrah that Sa`d bin Malik said, "This Ayah, وَإِن جَـهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَن تُشْرِكَ بِى مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلاَ تُطِعْهُمَا ( But if they strive with you to make you join in worship with Me others that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not; ) was revealed concerning me.
I was a man who honored his mother, but when I became Muslim, she said: `O Sa`d! What is this new thing I see you doing Leave this religion of yours, or I will not eat or drink until I die, and people will say: Shame on you, for what you have done to me, and they will say that you have killed your mother.' I said, `Do not do that, O mother, for I will not give up this religion of mine for anything.' She stayed without eating for one day and one night, and she became exhausted; then she stayed for another day and night without eating, and she became utterly exhausted.
When I saw that, I said: `O my mother, by Allah, even if you had one hundred souls and they were to depart one by one, I would not give up this religion of mine for anything, so if you want to, eat, and if you want to, do not eat.' So she ate."

( And We have enjoined upon man ) the reference here is to Sa’d Ibn Abi Waqqas ( concerning his parents ) that he should be dutiful to them. ( His mother beareth him ) in her womb ( in weakness upon weakness ) and hardship upon hardship, the more the child grows in her womb the harder it is for her, ( and his weaning is in two years. Give thanks unto Me ) through believing in My divine Oneness and by obeying Me ( and unto thy parents ) by looking after them. ( Unto Me is the journeying ) your destination and the destination of your parents.

And We have enjoined on man (to be dutiful and good) to his parents. His mother bore him in weakness and hardship upon weakness and hardship, and his weaning is in two years give thanks to Me and to your parents, unto Me is the final destination.

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