Surah Al Fath ayat 17 Tafsir Quran 48:17

﴿لَّيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَىٰ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْأَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ ۗ وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۖ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ يُعَذِّبْهُ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا﴾
[ الفتح: 17]

48:17 There is not upon the blind any guilt or upon the lame any guilt or upon the ill any guilt [for remaining behind]. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger - He will admit him to gardens beneath which rivers flow; but whoever turns away - He will punish him with a painful punishment.

There is no blame on the blind nor is there blame on the lame nor is there blame on the sick to refrain from participating in the struggle. And whoever obeys God and His Messenger He will admit him read yudkhilhu or nudkhilhu ‘We will admit him’ into gardens underneath which rivers flow; and whoever turns away him He will chastise read yu‘adhdhibhu or nu‘adhdhibhu ‘him We will chastise’ with a painful chastisement.

Absolved from guilt shall be the blind and the lame and he who is sick. He who obeys Allah and His Messenger, will Allah welcome into gardens of surpassing beauty beneath which rivers flow, and he who turns a deaf ear will Allah subject to a condign punishment

Allah conveys the News that there will be Many Cases of Jihad, and that Jihad distinguishes the Ranks of the Believers and exposes the Hypocrite Scholars of Tafsir differ over who the people mentioned here are.
They are people experienced at warfare who will be called to fight.
There are many opinions, first, they are the tribe of Hawazin, as Shu`bah narrated from Abu Bishr from Sa`id bin Jubayr, or `Ikrimah, or both of them.
Hushaym narrated this explanation from Abu Bishr, from both Sa`id bin Jubayr and `Ikrimah.
Qatadah, as narrated from him in one version, held the same view.
The second view is that these people are the tribe of Thaqif, according to Ad-Dahhak.
The third view is that they are Banu Hanifah, according to Juwaybir and Az-Zuhri, as Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated from him.
Similar was narrated from Sa`id bin Jubayr and `Ikrimah.
The fourth opinion is that they are the Persians, according to `Ali bin Abi Talhah who reported that from `Abdullah bin `Abbas.
This is also the view of `Ata', Mujahid, and `Ikrimah.
Ka`b Al-Ahbar said that they are the Romans, while Ibn Abi Layla, `Ata, Al-Hasan and Qatadah -- in a different narration from him, said that they are the Persians and Romans.
Mujahid also said that they are the idolators.
In another narration Mujahid said, "They are men given to great warfare," and did not specify any particular people.
This last explanation is the view preferred by Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Jarir.
Allah's statement, تُقَـتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ ( Then you shall fight them, or they shall surrender. ) means, `you are called to fight them in Jihad, through constant warfare, until you become victorious over them or they surrender.
Or, they will embrace your religion without a fight, but with their full consent.' Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said next, فَإِن تُطِيعُواْ ( Then if you obey, ) `if you accept the call to Jihad and prepare for it and fulfill your duty in this regard,' يُؤْتِكُمُ اللَّهُ أَجْراً حَسَناً وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْاْ كَمَا تَوَلَّيْتُمْ مِّن قَبْلُ ( Allah will give you a fair reward; but if you turn away as you turned away before, ) `on the day of Al-Hudaybiyyah, when you were called to Jihad, yet lagged behind,' يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً ( He will punish you with a painful torment. ) Acceptable Reasons for not joining Jihad Allah then mentions the legal reasons that allow one to be excused from joining the Jihad, such as blindness and being lame, and various illnesses that strike one and are remedied in few days.
When one is ill, he is allowed to remain behind and will have a valid excuse to do so, until his illness ends.
Allah the Exalted and Most honored then said, while ordaining joining the Jihad and obeying Allah and His Messenger , وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ ( And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow; and whosoever turns back, ) from joining the Jihad and busies himself in his livelihood, يُعَذِّبْهُ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً ( He will punish him with a painful torment. ) in this life with humiliation and in the Hereafter with the Fire.
Allah the Exalted has the best knowledge.

(48:17) There is no blame on the blind, nor on the lame, nor on the sick (if they do not go forth to fight). *31 Allah will admit those who obey Allah and His Messenger to the Gardens beneath which rivers flow and will inflict a grievous chastisement on those who turn away.

There is not upon the blind any meaning

*31) That is, the one who has a genuine excuse for not joining Jihad is not accountable, but if the able-bodied, strong people make excuses for not joining it, they cannot be regarded as sincere with regard to AIIah and His Religion, and they cannot be given the opportunity to take advantage of the gains as members of the Muslim community, but when time comes for making sacrifices for Islam, they should lag behind and seek the safety of their lives and properties." Here, one should know that two kinds of the people have been exempted from Jihad duty by the Shari ah: ( 1 ) Those who are not physically fit for Jihad.
e.g.
young boys, women, the insane, the blind and such patients as cannot perform military duties, and such disabled people as cannot take part in war; and ( 2 ) those for whom it may be difficult to join Jihad for other sound reasons, e.g.
the slaves, or those persons who may be ready for Jihad but may not afford weapons of war and other necessary equipment, or such debtors who may have to pay their debts at the earliest opportunity and the creditors may not be willing to allow them more time, or such people whose parents ( or a parent ) might be alive, who stand in need of the children's help.
In this regard, it should also be known that the children should not join Jihad without the permission of their parents if they are Muslims, but if they are non-Muslims it is not permissible for a person to stay away from Jihad in case they refuse permission.

 

Allah conveys the News that there will be Many Cases of Jihad, and that Jihad distinguishes the Ranks of the Believers and exposes the Hypocrite Scholars of Tafsir differ over who the people mentioned here are.
They are people experienced at warfare who will be called to fight.
There are many opinions, first, they are the tribe of Hawazin, as Shu`bah narrated from Abu Bishr from Sa`id bin Jubayr, or `Ikrimah, or both of them.
Hushaym narrated this explanation from Abu Bishr, from both Sa`id bin Jubayr and `Ikrimah.
Qatadah, as narrated from him in one version, held the same view.
The second view is that these people are the tribe of Thaqif, according to Ad-Dahhak.
The third view is that they are Banu Hanifah, according to Juwaybir and Az-Zuhri, as Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated from him.
Similar was narrated from Sa`id bin Jubayr and `Ikrimah.
The fourth opinion is that they are the Persians, according to `Ali bin Abi Talhah who reported that from `Abdullah bin `Abbas.
This is also the view of `Ata', Mujahid, and `Ikrimah.
Ka`b Al-Ahbar said that they are the Romans, while Ibn Abi Layla, `Ata, Al-Hasan and Qatadah -- in a different narration from him, said that they are the Persians and Romans.
Mujahid also said that they are the idolators.
In another narration Mujahid said, "They are men given to great warfare," and did not specify any particular people.
This last explanation is the view preferred by Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Jarir.
Allah's statement, تُقَـتِلُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ ( Then you shall fight them, or they shall surrender. ) means, `you are called to fight them in Jihad, through constant warfare, until you become victorious over them or they surrender.
Or, they will embrace your religion without a fight, but with their full consent.' Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said next, فَإِن تُطِيعُواْ ( Then if you obey, ) `if you accept the call to Jihad and prepare for it and fulfill your duty in this regard,' يُؤْتِكُمُ اللَّهُ أَجْراً حَسَناً وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْاْ كَمَا تَوَلَّيْتُمْ مِّن قَبْلُ ( Allah will give you a fair reward; but if you turn away as you turned away before, ) `on the day of Al-Hudaybiyyah, when you were called to Jihad, yet lagged behind,' يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً ( He will punish you with a painful torment. ) Acceptable Reasons for not joining Jihad Allah then mentions the legal reasons that allow one to be excused from joining the Jihad, such as blindness and being lame, and various illnesses that strike one and are remedied in few days.
When one is ill, he is allowed to remain behind and will have a valid excuse to do so, until his illness ends.
Allah the Exalted and Most honored then said, while ordaining joining the Jihad and obeying Allah and His Messenger , وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّـتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّ ( And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow; and whosoever turns back, ) from joining the Jihad and busies himself in his livelihood, يُعَذِّبْهُ عَذَاباً أَلِيماً ( He will punish him with a painful torment. ) in this life with humiliation and in the Hereafter with the Fire.
Allah the Exalted has the best knowledge.

Then the people who had infirmities and chronic illnesses came to the Messenger of Allah ( pbuh ) and said: O Messenger of Allah! Allah has threatened to punish whoever stays behind and does not take part in fighting with a painful doom. How can we go out in military expedition when we are physically unable to do so? And so Allah said: ( There is no blame for the blind ) if he does not go out in military conquests, ( nor is there blame for the lame ) if he does not go out in military conquests, ( nor is there blame for the sick (that they go not forth to war ). And whoso obeyeth Allah and His messenger) openly and privately and answers him by going out to fight the enemy, ( He will make him enter Gardens beneath which ) beneath whose houses, rooms and trees ( rivers ) of wine, water, honey, and milk ( flow; and whoso turneth back ) from the obedience of Allah and His Messenger and refuses to comply, ( him will He punish with a painful doom ).

No blame or sin is there upon the blind, nor is there blame or sin upon the lame, nor is there blame or sin upon the sick (that they go not forth to war). And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger (Muhammad SAW), He will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow (Paradise); and whosoever turns back, He will punish him with a painful torment.

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