Surah Luqman ayat 20 Tafsir Quran 31:20

﴿أَلَمْ تَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَخَّرَ لَكُم مَّا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَأَسْبَغَ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعَمَهُ ظَاهِرَةً وَبَاطِنَةً ۗ وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلَا هُدًى وَلَا كِتَابٍ مُّنِيرٍ﴾
[ لقمان: 20]

31:20 Do you not see that Allah has made subject to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth and amply bestowed upon you His favors, [both] apparent and unapparent? But of the people is he who disputes about Allah without knowledge or guidance or an enlightening Book [from Him].

Do you not see do you not realise O you who are being addressed that God has disposed for you whatever is in the heavens such as the sun the moon and the stars that you may benefit from them and whatever is in the earth of fruits rivers and animals and He has showered He has made abundant and made complete His favours upon you both outwardly namely by giving you your wholesome form even limbs and otherwise and inwardly? that is by giving you knowledge and so on. Yet among people that is people such as the Meccan disbelievers there are those who dispute concerning God without any knowledge or guidance from a messenger or an illuminating scripture revealed by God rather they dispute by blindly imitating others.

Do you people not see that Allah has subjected to you the heavens and the earth and reduced them to a state of subservience to your advantage and He made all grace abound in you, the seen or unseen! Yet among people are those who argue about Allah in ignorance and for want of thought, want of guidance and by want of a Book imparting divine knowledge wisdom and spiritual light

Reminder of Blessings Here Allah reminds His creation of the blessings He bestows upon them in this world and the Hereafter.
In the heavens He has subjugated for them the stars which give them light during the night and during the day, and He has created clouds, rain, snow and hail, and made the heavens a canopy which covers and protects them.
On earth He has created for them stability and rivers, trees, crops and fruits; He has completed and perfected His graces upon them, apparent and hidden, by sending Messengers, revealing Books and removing doubts and excuses.
Yet despite all this, not all the people believe, and indeed there are those who dispute concerning Allah, that is, His Tawhid, and His sending the Messengers.
Their dispute is without knowledge and they have no sound evidence or valid inherited Book.
Allah says: ومِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يُجَـدِلُ فِى اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلاَ هُدًى وَلاَ كِتَـبٍ مُّنِيرٍ ( And among men is he who disputes about Allah, without knowledge or guidance, or a Book giving light (from Allah ).) ( 22:8 ) meaning clear and unambiguous. وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ ( And when it is said to them ) means, to these people who dispute about the Oneness of Allah. اتَّبِعُواْ مَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ( "Follow that which Allah has sent down," ) means, the pure Divine Laws that He has sent down to His Messengers, قَالُواْ بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ مَا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ ءَابَآءَنَا ( they say: "Nay, we shall follow that which we found our fathers (following ).") means, they have no other proof except the fact that they are following their forefathers.
Allah says: أَوَلَوْ كَانَ ءَابَاؤُهُمْ لاَ يَعْقِلُونَ شَيْئًا وَلاَ يَهْتَدُونَ ( Even though their fathers did not understand anything nor were they guided ) ( 2:170 ) meaning, `what do you think, you who take the forefathers' deeds as proof, that they were misguided and you are following in their footsteps' Allah says: أَوَلَوْ كَانَ الشَّيْطَـنُ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ ( Even if Shaytan invites them to the torment of the Fire )

(31:20) Have you not seen that Allah has subjected to your service all that is in the heavens *35 and on the earth and has abundantly bestowed upon you all His bounties, both visible and invisible? *36 Yet some persons dispute regarding Allah *37 without having any knowledge or guidance or any illuminating Book. *38

Do you not see that Allah has meaning

*35) A thing can be subjected to somebody in two ways: ( 11 The thing may be made subordinate to him and he may be authorised to use and exploit it as he likes, and 12 ) the thing may be subjected to a law and system so that it becomes useful for him and serves his interests accordingly.
AIIah has not subjected everything in the earth and heavens to man in one and the same sense, but has subjected certain things in the first sense and certain others in the second sense.
For example, He has subjected the air, water, earth, fire, vegetation, minerals, cattle and many other things in the first sense, and the sun, the moon, etc.
in the second sense.

*36) " Visible favours " imply those favours which are perceived by man in one way or the other, or arc known to him.
And the " invisible favours " arc those which are neither perceived by him nor arc known to him.
There are countless things in mans own body and in the world outside him, which are working in his interest, but man is utterly unaware of the means which his Creator has provided for his protection and safety, for his development and provision of sustenance to him, and for his well-being and happiness.
Research of man in the different branches of science is revealing many such favours of God as were hidden from him before.
And the favours and blessings which have so far been revealed are insignificant as against those which still lie hidden froth man.

*37) 'Who wrangle about AIIah" : Who wrangle and dispute aborts questions such as these: Dces AIIah exist or not? Is He One God alone, or are there other gods also? What are His attributes and what is their nantre? What is the nantre of His relationship with His creations etc.?
*38) That is, `They neither have any means of knowledge by which they might themselves have observed or experienced the reality directly, nor do they have the guidance of a guide available to them, who might have guided them after observing the reality, nor do they possess a Divine Book, which might be the basis of their belief. "
 

Reminder of Blessings Here Allah reminds His creation of the blessings He bestows upon them in this world and the Hereafter.
In the heavens He has subjugated for them the stars which give them light during the night and during the day, and He has created clouds, rain, snow and hail, and made the heavens a canopy which covers and protects them.
On earth He has created for them stability and rivers, trees, crops and fruits; He has completed and perfected His graces upon them, apparent and hidden, by sending Messengers, revealing Books and removing doubts and excuses.
Yet despite all this, not all the people believe, and indeed there are those who dispute concerning Allah, that is, His Tawhid, and His sending the Messengers.
Their dispute is without knowledge and they have no sound evidence or valid inherited Book.
Allah says: ومِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يُجَـدِلُ فِى اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلاَ هُدًى وَلاَ كِتَـبٍ مُّنِيرٍ ( And among men is he who disputes about Allah, without knowledge or guidance, or a Book giving light (from Allah ).) ( 22:8 ) meaning clear and unambiguous. وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ ( And when it is said to them ) means, to these people who dispute about the Oneness of Allah. اتَّبِعُواْ مَآ أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ ( "Follow that which Allah has sent down," ) means, the pure Divine Laws that He has sent down to His Messengers, قَالُواْ بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ مَا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ ءَابَآءَنَا ( they say: "Nay, we shall follow that which we found our fathers (following ).") means, they have no other proof except the fact that they are following their forefathers.
Allah says: أَوَلَوْ كَانَ ءَابَاؤُهُمْ لاَ يَعْقِلُونَ شَيْئًا وَلاَ يَهْتَدُونَ ( Even though their fathers did not understand anything nor were they guided ) ( 2:170 ) meaning, `what do you think, you who take the forefathers' deeds as proof, that they were misguided and you are following in their footsteps' Allah says: أَوَلَوْ كَانَ الشَّيْطَـنُ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ ( Even if Shaytan invites them to the torment of the Fire )

See ye not) have you not been informed in the Qur’an ( how Allah hath made serviceable ) has made subservient ( unto you whatsoever is in the skies ) the sun, the moon, the stars, the clouds and the rain ( and whatsoever is in the earth ) the trees and beasts ( and hath loaded you with ) and perfected for you ( His favours both without ) through the profession of Allah’s divine Oneness ( and within ) through knowledge; it is also said that " without " refers to the good works that people know, and " within " refers to the evil works that people are not aware of; it is also said that " without " refers to food, drink, money and similar things; whereas " within " refers to plants, fruits, the rain, water, etc; and it is also said that " without " refers to that which Allah blesses one with while " within " refers to that which Allah preserves one from? ( Yet of mankind ) i.e. al-Nadr Ibn al-Harth ( is he who disputeth concerning Allah ) who argues about the religion of Allah, ( without knowledge or guidance ) or proof ( or a Scripture giving light ) or a Scripture expositing what he says.

See you not (O men) that Allah has subjected for you whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, and has completed and perfected His Graces upon you, (both) apparent (i.e. Islamic Monotheism, and the lawful pleasures of this world, including health, good looks, etc.) and hidden [i.e. One's Faith in Allah (of Islamic Monotheism) knowledge, wisdom, guidance for doing righteous deeds, and also the pleasures and delights of the Hereafter in Paradise, etc.]? Yet of mankind is he who disputes about Allah without knowledge or guidance or a Book giving light!

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