Surah Tawbah ayat 39 Tafsir Quran 9:39

﴿إِلَّا تَنفِرُوا يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَيَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ وَلَا تَضُرُّوهُ شَيْئًا ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾
[ التوبة: 39]

9:39 If you do not go forth, He will punish you with a painful punishment and will replace you with another people, and you will not harm Him at all. And Allah is over all things competent.

If illā lā has been assimilated with the nūn of the conditional particle in in both instances here and in the next verse you do not go forth if you do not set out with the Prophet s for the struggle He will chastise you with a painful chastisement and He will substitute you with another folk other than you that is He will bring them in your place and you will not hurt Him that is God or ‘him’ as being the Prophet s at all should you neglect to help him to victory for God Himself will indeed bring victory to His religion; for God has power over all things including bringing victory to His religion and His Prophet.

Unless you respond favourably to the Messengers call to serve Allah and be moved to action and fight the good fight of faith against disbelief, you will be pained at heart; Allah will afflict you, in His own way, with a condign punishment and replace you by others, and your indisposition to His purpose shall not harm Him in the least; Allah is Qadirun (Omnipotent) over all things

Admonishing clinging to Life rather than rushing to perform Jihad Allah admonishes those who lagged behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the battle of Tabuk, at a time when fruits were ripe and shades tempting in the intense and terrible heat, يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَا لَكُمْ إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمُ انفِرُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ( O you who believe! What is the matter with you, that when you are asked to march forth in the cause of Allah ), if you are called to perform Jihad in the cause of Allah, اثَّاقَلْتُمْ إِلَى الاٌّرْضِ ( you cling heavily to the earth ), reclining to remain in peace, shade and ripe fruits. أَرَضِيتُم بِالْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا مِنَ الاٌّخِرَةِ ( Are you pleased with the life of this world rather than the Hereafter ), why do you do this, is it because you prefer this life instead of the Hereafter Allah next diminishes the eagerness for this worldly life and increases it for the Hereafter, فَمَا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ ( But little is the enjoyment of the life of this world compared to the Hereafter. ) Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Mustawrid, a member of Bani Fihr, said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«مَا الدُّنْيَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا كَمَا يَجْعَلُ أَحَدُكُمْ إِصْبَعَهُ هَذِهِ فِي الْيَمِّ،فَلْيَنْظُرْ بِمَ تَرْجِعُ؟»
( The life of this world, compared to the Hereafter, is just like when one of you dips his finger in the sea, let him contemplate how much of it his finger would carry. ) The Prophet pointed with his index finger.
Muslim collected this Hadith.
Ath-Thawri narrated that Al-A`mash said about the Ayah, فَمَا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ ( But little is the enjoyment of the life of this world compared to the Hereafter. ) "What compares to the provision a traveler takes." `Abdul-`Aziz bin Abi Hazim narrated that his father said, "When `Abdul-`Aziz bin Marwan was dying he said, `Bring the shroud I will be covered with so that I inspect it.' When it was placed before him, he looked at it and said, `Is this what I will end up with from this life' He then turned his back and cried, while saying, `Woe to you, O life! Your abundance is truly little, your little is short lived, we were deceived by you."' Allah warns those who do not join Jihad, إِلاَّ تَنفِرُواْ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا ( If you march not forth, He will punish you with a painful torment ) Ibn `Abbas said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ called some Arabs to mobilize, but they lagged behind and Allah witheld rain from coming down on them, and this was their torment." Allah said, وَيَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ ( and will replace you by another people ), who will give aid to His Prophet and establish his religion.
Allah said in another Ayah, الْفُقَرَآءُ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْاْ يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْماً غَيْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ لاَ يَكُونُواْ ( And if you turn away (from the obedience to Allah ), He will exchange you for some other people and they will not be your likes.) 47:38 وَلاَ تَضُرُّوهُ شَيْئًا ( and you cannot harm Him at all ), you can never harm Allah when you lag behind and stay away from joining Jihad, وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ( and Allah is able to do all things. ) He is able to destroy the enemies without your help.

(9:39) If you will not march forth, Allah will inflict on you a painful chastisement, *40 and will substitute other people for you, *41 and you will in no way harm Him, for Allah has power over everything.

If you do not go forth, He meaning

*40) A general rule of the Islamic conduct has been derived from " If you ....
chastisement.
" When the Muslims are commanded to go to Jihad by a public proclamation from their leader, it becomes an obligatory duty for those who are called upon to do Jihad, whether they belong to any particular group or region.
So much so that the Faith of those who do not go for Jihad without a genuine excuse becomes doubtful.
But even in cases where the Muslims are called upon to go forth for Jihad and there is no command for the compulsory enrolment of every able-bodied Muslim of a particular group or region, it is a religious duty ( though not obligatory ), and it shall be considered to have been performed even if only some Muslims go forth for it.

*41) That is, " Allah's work does not depend on you and will be accomplished only if you do it.
It is Allah's grace and bounty that He is affording you the golden opportunity of serving the cause of His Way.
Therefore if you miss this opportunity because of any foolish assumption, Allah will raise another people and bestow on them the opportunity and capability of doing His work, and you will be losers ".

 

Admonishing clinging to Life rather than rushing to perform Jihad Allah admonishes those who lagged behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the battle of Tabuk, at a time when fruits were ripe and shades tempting in the intense and terrible heat, يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَا لَكُمْ إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمُ انفِرُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ( O you who believe! What is the matter with you, that when you are asked to march forth in the cause of Allah ), if you are called to perform Jihad in the cause of Allah, اثَّاقَلْتُمْ إِلَى الاٌّرْضِ ( you cling heavily to the earth ), reclining to remain in peace, shade and ripe fruits. أَرَضِيتُم بِالْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا مِنَ الاٌّخِرَةِ ( Are you pleased with the life of this world rather than the Hereafter ), why do you do this, is it because you prefer this life instead of the Hereafter Allah next diminishes the eagerness for this worldly life and increases it for the Hereafter, فَمَا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ ( But little is the enjoyment of the life of this world compared to the Hereafter. ) Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Mustawrid, a member of Bani Fihr, said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «مَا الدُّنْيَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ إِلَّا كَمَا يَجْعَلُ أَحَدُكُمْ إِصْبَعَهُ هَذِهِ فِي الْيَمِّ،فَلْيَنْظُرْ بِمَ تَرْجِعُ؟» ( The life of this world, compared to the Hereafter, is just like when one of you dips his finger in the sea, let him contemplate how much of it his finger would carry. ) The Prophet pointed with his index finger.
Muslim collected this Hadith.
Ath-Thawri narrated that Al-A`mash said about the Ayah, فَمَا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فِى الاٌّخِرَةِ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ ( But little is the enjoyment of the life of this world compared to the Hereafter. ) "What compares to the provision a traveler takes." `Abdul-`Aziz bin Abi Hazim narrated that his father said, "When `Abdul-`Aziz bin Marwan was dying he said, `Bring the shroud I will be covered with so that I inspect it.' When it was placed before him, he looked at it and said, `Is this what I will end up with from this life' He then turned his back and cried, while saying, `Woe to you, O life! Your abundance is truly little, your little is short lived, we were deceived by you."' Allah warns those who do not join Jihad, إِلاَّ تَنفِرُواْ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا ( If you march not forth, He will punish you with a painful torment ) Ibn `Abbas said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ called some Arabs to mobilize, but they lagged behind and Allah witheld rain from coming down on them, and this was their torment." Allah said, وَيَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ ( and will replace you by another people ), who will give aid to His Prophet and establish his religion.
Allah said in another Ayah, الْفُقَرَآءُ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوْاْ يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْماً غَيْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ لاَ يَكُونُواْ ( And if you turn away (from the obedience to Allah ), He will exchange you for some other people and they will not be your likes.) 47:38 وَلاَ تَضُرُّوهُ شَيْئًا ( and you cannot harm Him at all ), you can never harm Allah when you lag behind and stay away from joining Jihad, وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ( and Allah is able to do all things. ) He is able to destroy the enemies without your help.

( If ye go not forth ) with your Prophet at the Battle of Tabuk ( He will afflict you with a painful doom ) in this world and in the Hereafter, ( and will choose instead of you a folk other than you ) who are better and more obedient than you. ( Ye cannot harm Him all ) i.e. by staying back you cannot harm Allah. ( Allah is Able to do all things ) whether it is punishment or reward.

If you march not forth, He will punish you with a painful torment and will replace you by another people, and you cannot harm Him at all, and Allah is Able to do all things.

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