Surah Baqarah ayat 251 Tafsir Quran 2:251

﴿فَهَزَمُوهُم بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُودُ جَالُوتَ وَآتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَاءُ ۗ وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُم بِبَعْضٍ لَّفَسَدَتِ الْأَرْضُ وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ﴾
[ البقرة: 251]

2:251 So they defeated them by permission of Allah, and David killed Goliath, and Allah gave him the kingship and prophethood and taught him from that which He willed. And if it were not for Allah checking [some] people by means of others, the earth would have been corrupted, but Allah is full of bounty to the worlds.

And they routed they broke them by the leave of God by His will and David who was among the ranks of Saul’s army slew Goliath; and God gave him David the kingship over the Children of Israel and Wisdom prophethood after the death of Samuel and Saul and the combination of kingship and prophethood had never come to anyone before him; and He taught him such as He willed of the manufacture of mail-coats and the speech of birds. Had God not repelled people some ba‘dahum ‘some’ substitutes for saying ba‘dan min al-nās ‘some people’ by means of others the earth would have surely been corrupted with idolaters defeating and slaying Muslims and mosques being destroyed; but God is bounteous to all worlds by repelling some by means of others.

And so, they routed Jalut’s forces as Allah willed, and Dawud (David), then, a poor shepherd and unarmed youth) slew Jalut, and by His grace, Allah conferred authority, sovereignty and wisdom upon him and imparted upon him the knowledge He willed. And if Allah did not repress some people through others, indeed, the world would be full of mischief, but Allah’s grace abounds in the universe

When the faithful party, who were few under the command of Talut, faced their enemy, who were many under the command of Jalut, قَالُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا ( they invoked: "Our Lord! Pour forth on us patience..." ) meaning, send down patience on us from You. وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا ( and set firm our feet ) meaning, against the enemy and save us from running away and from feebleness, وَانصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَـفِرِينَ ( and make us victorious over the disbelieving people. ) Allah said: فَهَزَمُوهُم بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ( So they routed them by Allah's leave ) meaning, they defeated and overwhelmed them by Allah's aid and support.
Then, وَقَتَلَ دَاوُودُ جَالُوتَ ( and Dawud killed Jalut ) Israelite accounts claimed that ( Prophet ) David killed Goliath with a slingshot that he had, which he launched at Goliath causing his death. Talut promised that whoever killed Jalut, would marry his daughter and would share his kingship and authority.
He kept his promise.
Later, the kingship was transferred to Prophet Dawud in addition to being granted Prophethood by Allah.
So, Allah said: وَآتَـهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ ( ...and Allah gave him (Dawud ) the kingdom) that Talut had and, وَالْحِكْــمَةِ ( and Al-Hikmah ) that comes with the prophethood, meaning, after Shamwil.
Allah then said: وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَآءُ ( and taught him of that which He willed. ) meaning, what He willed of the knowledge that He bestowed on ( Prophet ) Dawud. Next, Allah said: وَلَوْلاَ دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُم بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتِ الأَرْضُ ( And if Allah did not check one set of people by means of another, the earth would indeed be full of mischief. ) This Ayah indicates that if it were not for the fact that Allah checks one set of people with another, such as when Talut and the bravery of Dawud helped the Children of Israel ( against Goliath ), then people would have perished.
Similarly, Allah said: وَلَوْلاَ دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَّهُدِّمَتْ صَوَمِعُ وَبِيَعٌ وَصَلَوَتٌ وَمَسَـجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسمُ اللَّهِ كَثِيراً ( For had it not been that Allah checks one set of people by means of another, monasteries, churches, synagogues, and Masjids, wherein the Name of Allah is mentioned much, would surely, have been pulled down. ) ( 22:40 ) Allah then said: وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعَـلَمِينَ ( But Allah is full of bounty to the `Alamin (mankind, Jinn and all that exists )) meaning, by His mercy and favor He fixes some of them by some others.
Surely, Allah has the wisdom, the supreme authority and the clear proof against His creation in all of His actions and statements. Allah said: تِلْكَ آيَـتُ اللَّهِ نَتْلُوهَا عَلَيْكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ ( These are the verses of Allah, We recite them to you (O Muhammad ) in truth, and surely, you are one of the Messengers ( of Allah ).) This Ayah states, `These Ayat ( verses ) of Allah that We have narrated for you in truth conform to the exact manner that these stories have occurred and to the truth that still remain in the ( Divine ) Books that the scholars of the Children of Israel have and know.
Allah said: O Muhammad, وَأَنَّكَ ( you are ) لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ ( one of the Messengers (of Allah )) emphatically stating the truth of his prophethood

(2:251) Consequently, by Allah's grace, they routed the unbelievers, and David killed Goliath; and Allah gave him kingship and wisdom and taught him whatever other things He willed. And if Allah had not been repelling one set of people by means of another, the earth *273 would have been filled with chaos. *274 But Allah is bountiful to the world (and so repels chaos in this way).

So they defeated them by permission of meaning

*273).
David was then in the early years of his youth.
By chance he joined the army of Saul just when the mighty champion of the Philistine army had challenged the Israelite army to combat.
None of the Israelites had the courage to take up the challenge.
On seeing this, David took on Goliath in a duel and slew him.
From then on, David could do no wrong in the eyes of the Israelites.
Saul gave him the hand of his daughter in marriage and ultimately he became the ruler of the Israelites.
( For details see 1 Samuel, chapters 17 and I8. )
*274).
This enunciates the principle according to which God treats the nations as a part of the Divine system governing the world.
He allows various nations to attain power and strength within certain limits.
But when any nation begins to commit wrongs and exceed reasonable limits.
God brings forth another nation as a counterweight, Were the dominion of one nation or party to endure for ever, and were its capacity to perpetrate wrongs granted in perpetuity, God's earth would become full of corruption and wickedness.

 

When the faithful party, who were few under the command of Talut, faced their enemy, who were many under the command of Jalut, قَالُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا ( they invoked: "Our Lord! Pour forth on us patience..." ) meaning, send down patience on us from You. وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا ( and set firm our feet ) meaning, against the enemy and save us from running away and from feebleness, وَانصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَـفِرِينَ ( and make us victorious over the disbelieving people. ) Allah said: فَهَزَمُوهُم بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ( So they routed them by Allah's leave ) meaning, they defeated and overwhelmed them by Allah's aid and support.
Then, وَقَتَلَ دَاوُودُ جَالُوتَ ( and Dawud killed Jalut ) Israelite accounts claimed that ( Prophet ) David killed Goliath with a slingshot that he had, which he launched at Goliath causing his death. Talut promised that whoever killed Jalut, would marry his daughter and would share his kingship and authority.
He kept his promise.
Later, the kingship was transferred to Prophet Dawud in addition to being granted Prophethood by Allah.
So, Allah said: وَآتَـهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْكَ ( ...and Allah gave him (Dawud ) the kingdom) that Talut had and, وَالْحِكْــمَةِ ( and Al-Hikmah ) that comes with the prophethood, meaning, after Shamwil.
Allah then said: وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَآءُ ( and taught him of that which He willed. ) meaning, what He willed of the knowledge that He bestowed on ( Prophet ) Dawud. Next, Allah said: وَلَوْلاَ دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُم بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتِ الأَرْضُ ( And if Allah did not check one set of people by means of another, the earth would indeed be full of mischief. ) This Ayah indicates that if it were not for the fact that Allah checks one set of people with another, such as when Talut and the bravery of Dawud helped the Children of Israel ( against Goliath ), then people would have perished.
Similarly, Allah said: وَلَوْلاَ دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَّهُدِّمَتْ صَوَمِعُ وَبِيَعٌ وَصَلَوَتٌ وَمَسَـجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسمُ اللَّهِ كَثِيراً ( For had it not been that Allah checks one set of people by means of another, monasteries, churches, synagogues, and Masjids, wherein the Name of Allah is mentioned much, would surely, have been pulled down. ) ( 22:40 ) Allah then said: وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعَـلَمِينَ ( But Allah is full of bounty to the `Alamin (mankind, Jinn and all that exists )) meaning, by His mercy and favor He fixes some of them by some others.
Surely, Allah has the wisdom, the supreme authority and the clear proof against His creation in all of His actions and statements. Allah said: تِلْكَ آيَـتُ اللَّهِ نَتْلُوهَا عَلَيْكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ ( These are the verses of Allah, We recite them to you (O Muhammad ) in truth, and surely, you are one of the Messengers ( of Allah ).) This Ayah states, `These Ayat ( verses ) of Allah that We have narrated for you in truth conform to the exact manner that these stories have occurred and to the truth that still remain in the ( Divine ) Books that the scholars of the Children of Israel have and know.
Allah said: O Muhammad, وَأَنَّكَ ( you are ) لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ ( one of the Messengers (of Allah )) emphatically stating the truth of his prophethood

( So they routed them by Allah’s leave ) by Allah’s help ( and David ) the Prophet ( slew Goliath ) the unbeliever; ( and Allah gave him the kingdom ) Allah gave David sovereignty over the Children of Israel ( and wisdom ) understanding and prophethood, ( and taught him of that which He willeth ) i.e. how to make armour. ( And if Allah had not repelled some men by others ) as He repelled through David the evil of Goliath from the Children of Israel ( the earth would have been corrupted ). He says: Allah repelled from the believers, by means of the prophets, the evil of their enemies, and He repelled from those who refrained from participating in the fight for Allah’s sake, by means of those who fought in His sake, the evil of their enemies. If it were not thus, the earth would have been corrupted. ( But Allah is a Lord of Kindness to all the worlds ) by this repelling.

So they routed them by Allah's Leave and Dawud (David) killed Jalut (Goliath), and Allah gave him [Dawud (David)] the kingdom [after the death of Talut (Saul) and Samuel] and Al-Hikmah (Prophethood), and taught him of that which He willed. And if Allah did not check one set of people by means of another, the earth would indeed be full of mischief. But Allah is full of Bounty to the 'Alamin (mankind, jinns and all that exists).

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