Surah Najm ayat 37 Tafsir Quran 53:37

﴿وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّىٰ﴾
[ النجم: 37]

53:37 And [of] Abraham, who fulfilled [his obligations] -

and the scrolls of Abraham who fulfilled his summons he who completed what he had been charged with as in And when his Lord tested Abraham with certain words and he fulfilled them Q. 2124 the explication of mā ‘what’ is the following

And of Ibrahim (Abraham) whose vows pledged to Allah, he faithfully fulfilled

Chastising Those Who disobey Allah and stop giving Charity Allah the Exalted chastises those who turn away from His obedience, فَلاَ صَدَّقَ وَلاَ صَلَّى - وَلَـكِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى ( So he (the disbeliever ) neither believed nor prayed! But on the contrary, he belied and turned away!)( 75:31-32 ), وَأَعْطَى قَلِيلاً وَأَكْدَى ( And gave a little, then stopped ) Ibn `Abbas said, "Gave a little, then stopped giving." Similar was said by Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, Qatadah and several others.
`Ikrimah and Sa`id said: "Like the case of a people who dig a well, during the course of which they find a rock preventing them from completing their work.
So they say, `We are finished' and they abandon the work." Allah's statement, أَعِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الْغَيْبِ فَهُوَ يَرَىٰ ( Is with him the knowledge of the Unseen so that he sees ) means, does this person, who stopped giving for fear of poverty and ended his acts of charity have knowledge of the Unseen and thus knows that if he does not stop giving, his wealth will go away No.
Such a person has stopped giving in charity for righteous causes and did not keep relations with kith and kin because of his miserliness, being stingy and out of fear of poverty.
The Prophet said in a Hadith,
«أَنْفِقْ بِلَالُ، وَلَا تَخْشَ مِنْ ذِي الْعَرْشِ إِقْلَالًا»
( O Bilal, spend and fear not less provisions from the Owner of the Thone. ) Allah the Exalted and Most honored said, وَمَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ مِّن شَىْءٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ ( And whatsoever you spend of anything (in Allah's cause ), He will replace it.
And He is the Best of providers.)( 34:39 ) The Meaning of `fulfilled Allah the Exalted said, أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِى صُحُفِ مُوسَى - وَإِبْرَهِيمَ الَّذِى وَفَّى ( Or is he not informed with what is in the Suhuf of Musa.
And of Ibrahim who fulfilled ), Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ath-Thawri said it means: "Conveyed all that he was ordered to convey." Ibn `Abbas said about: وَفَّى ( fulfilled ) "He delivered all that Allah ordered him to deliver." Sa`id bin Jubayr said about: وَفَّى ( fulfilled ), "What he was ordered." Qatadah said about: وَفَّى ( fulfilled ), "He obeyed Allah and delivered His Message to His creatures." This is the view preferred by Ibn Jarir because it includes the statement before it and supports it.
Allah said, وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَـتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ قَالَ إِنِّى جَـعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامًا ( And (remember ) when the Lord of Ibrahim tried him with ( certain ) commands, which he fulfilled.
He said: "Verily, I am going to make you an Imam ( a leader ) for mankind.")( 2:124 ) Therefore, Ibrahim fulfilled all the commands of his Lord, stayed away from all the prohibitions, and conveyed Allah's Message in its entirety.
Therefore, he is worthy of being made a leader for mankind in all of his affairs, statements and actions.
Allah the Exalted said, ثُمَّ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ( Then, We have sent the revelation to you (saying ): "Follow the religion of Ibrahim, a Hanif, and he was not of the idolators.")( 16:123 ) None shall carry the Burden of Any Other on the Day of Resurrection Allah the Exalted explained what He has revealed in the Scripture of Ibrahim and Musa, أَلاَّ تَزِرُ وَزِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى ( That no burdened person shall bear the burden of another. ) Meaning, every soul shall carry its own injustices, whether disbelief or sin, and none else shall carry its burden of sin, as Allah states وَإِن تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا لاَ يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى ( And if one heavily laden calls another to (bear ) his load, nothing of it will be lifted even though he be near of kin.)( 35:18 ) Allah said, وَأَن لَّيْسَ لِلإِنسَـنِ إِلاَّ مَا سَعَى ( And that man can have nothing but what he does. ) So just as no soul shall carry the burden of any other, the soul shall only benefit from the good that one earns for himself.
As for the Hadith recorded by Muslim in the Sahih, that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ: مِنْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ، أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِه»
( When a person dies, his deeds will cease except in three cases: from a righteous son who invokes Allah for him, or an ongoing charity after his death, or knowledge that people benefit from. ) These three things are, in reality, a result of one's own deeds, efforts and actions.
For example, a Hadith states,
«إِنَّ أَطْيَبَ مَا أَكَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ، وَإِنَّ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ كَسْبِه»
( Verily, the best type of provision that one consumes is from what he himself has earned, and one's offspring are among what he has earned. ) The ongoing charity that one leaves behind, like an endowment, for example, are among the traces of his own actions and deeds.
Allah the Exalted said, إِنَّا نَحْنُ نُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى وَنَكْتُبُ مَاَ قَدَّمُواْ وَءَاثَارَهُمْ ( Verily, We give life to the dead, and We record that which they send before (them ) and their traces.)( 36:12 ) The knowledge that one spreads among people which they are guided by is among his actions and deeds.
A Hadith collected in the Sahih states,
«مَنْ دَعَا إِلَى هُدًى كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ مِثْلُ أُجُورِ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ، مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْئًا»
( Whoever invites to guidance, he will earn as much reward as those who follow him, without decreasing anything out of their own rewards. ) Allah said, وَأَنَّ سَعْيَهُ سَوْفَ يُرَى ( And that his deeds will be seen. ) meaning, on the Day of Resurrection, وَقُلِ اعْمَلُواْ فَسَيَرَى اللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَسَتُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَـلِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ ( And say: "Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will ) His Messenger and the believers.
And you will be brought back to the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen.
Then He will inform you of what you used to do.")( 9:105 ), Then Allah will remind you of your actions and recompense you for them in the best manner, good for good and evil for evil.
Allah's statement here, ثُمَّ يُجْزَاهُ الْجَزَآءَ الأَوْفَى ( Then he will be recompensed with a full and the best recompense. )

(53:37) and of Abraham, who lived up to the trust? *36

And [of] Abraham, who fulfilled [his obligations] meaning

*36) In the following verses a resume is being given of the teachings sent down in the Books of the Prophets Abraham and Moses.
The Books of Moses signify the Torah.
As for the Books of the Prophet Abraham they have become extinct and no mention of them is found even in the holy scriptures of the Jews and Christians.
Only in the Qur'an at two places have some parts of the teachings contained in the Books of the Prophet Abraham been cited, here and in the concluding verses of Surah AI-A`la.

 

Chastising Those Who disobey Allah and stop giving Charity Allah the Exalted chastises those who turn away from His obedience, فَلاَ صَدَّقَ وَلاَ صَلَّى - وَلَـكِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّى ( So he (the disbeliever ) neither believed nor prayed! But on the contrary, he belied and turned away!)( 75:31-32 ), وَأَعْطَى قَلِيلاً وَأَكْدَى ( And gave a little, then stopped ) Ibn `Abbas said, "Gave a little, then stopped giving." Similar was said by Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, Qatadah and several others.
`Ikrimah and Sa`id said: "Like the case of a people who dig a well, during the course of which they find a rock preventing them from completing their work.
So they say, `We are finished' and they abandon the work." Allah's statement, أَعِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ الْغَيْبِ فَهُوَ يَرَىٰ ( Is with him the knowledge of the Unseen so that he sees ) means, does this person, who stopped giving for fear of poverty and ended his acts of charity have knowledge of the Unseen and thus knows that if he does not stop giving, his wealth will go away No.
Such a person has stopped giving in charity for righteous causes and did not keep relations with kith and kin because of his miserliness, being stingy and out of fear of poverty.
The Prophet said in a Hadith, «أَنْفِقْ بِلَالُ، وَلَا تَخْشَ مِنْ ذِي الْعَرْشِ إِقْلَالًا» ( O Bilal, spend and fear not less provisions from the Owner of the Thone. ) Allah the Exalted and Most honored said, وَمَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ مِّن شَىْءٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ ( And whatsoever you spend of anything (in Allah's cause ), He will replace it.
And He is the Best of providers.)( 34:39 ) The Meaning of `fulfilled Allah the Exalted said, أَمْ لَمْ يُنَبَّأْ بِمَا فِى صُحُفِ مُوسَى - وَإِبْرَهِيمَ الَّذِى وَفَّى ( Or is he not informed with what is in the Suhuf of Musa.
And of Ibrahim who fulfilled ), Sa`id bin Jubayr and Ath-Thawri said it means: "Conveyed all that he was ordered to convey." Ibn `Abbas said about: وَفَّى ( fulfilled ) "He delivered all that Allah ordered him to deliver." Sa`id bin Jubayr said about: وَفَّى ( fulfilled ), "What he was ordered." Qatadah said about: وَفَّى ( fulfilled ), "He obeyed Allah and delivered His Message to His creatures." This is the view preferred by Ibn Jarir because it includes the statement before it and supports it.
Allah said, وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى إِبْرَهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَـتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ قَالَ إِنِّى جَـعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامًا ( And (remember ) when the Lord of Ibrahim tried him with ( certain ) commands, which he fulfilled.
He said: "Verily, I am going to make you an Imam ( a leader ) for mankind.")( 2:124 ) Therefore, Ibrahim fulfilled all the commands of his Lord, stayed away from all the prohibitions, and conveyed Allah's Message in its entirety.
Therefore, he is worthy of being made a leader for mankind in all of his affairs, statements and actions.
Allah the Exalted said, ثُمَّ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ أَنِ اتَّبِعْ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ( Then, We have sent the revelation to you (saying ): "Follow the religion of Ibrahim, a Hanif, and he was not of the idolators.")( 16:123 ) None shall carry the Burden of Any Other on the Day of Resurrection Allah the Exalted explained what He has revealed in the Scripture of Ibrahim and Musa, أَلاَّ تَزِرُ وَزِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى ( That no burdened person shall bear the burden of another. ) Meaning, every soul shall carry its own injustices, whether disbelief or sin, and none else shall carry its burden of sin, as Allah states وَإِن تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا لاَ يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى ( And if one heavily laden calls another to (bear ) his load, nothing of it will be lifted even though he be near of kin.)( 35:18 ) Allah said, وَأَن لَّيْسَ لِلإِنسَـنِ إِلاَّ مَا سَعَى ( And that man can have nothing but what he does. ) So just as no soul shall carry the burden of any other, the soul shall only benefit from the good that one earns for himself.
As for the Hadith recorded by Muslim in the Sahih, that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ: مِنْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ، أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِه» ( When a person dies, his deeds will cease except in three cases: from a righteous son who invokes Allah for him, or an ongoing charity after his death, or knowledge that people benefit from. ) These three things are, in reality, a result of one's own deeds, efforts and actions.
For example, a Hadith states, «إِنَّ أَطْيَبَ مَا أَكَلَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِهِ، وَإِنَّ وَلَدَهُ مِنْ كَسْبِه» ( Verily, the best type of provision that one consumes is from what he himself has earned, and one's offspring are among what he has earned. ) The ongoing charity that one leaves behind, like an endowment, for example, are among the traces of his own actions and deeds.
Allah the Exalted said, إِنَّا نَحْنُ نُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى وَنَكْتُبُ مَاَ قَدَّمُواْ وَءَاثَارَهُمْ ( Verily, We give life to the dead, and We record that which they send before (them ) and their traces.)( 36:12 ) The knowledge that one spreads among people which they are guided by is among his actions and deeds.
A Hadith collected in the Sahih states, «مَنْ دَعَا إِلَى هُدًى كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ مِثْلُ أُجُورِ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ، مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْئًا» ( Whoever invites to guidance, he will earn as much reward as those who follow him, without decreasing anything out of their own rewards. ) Allah said, وَأَنَّ سَعْيَهُ سَوْفَ يُرَى ( And that his deeds will be seen. ) meaning, on the Day of Resurrection, وَقُلِ اعْمَلُواْ فَسَيَرَى اللَّهُ عَمَلَكُمْ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَسَتُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَـلِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَـدَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ ( And say: "Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will ) His Messenger and the believers.
And you will be brought back to the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen.
Then He will inform you of what you used to do.")( 9:105 ), Then Allah will remind you of your actions and recompense you for them in the best manner, good for good and evil for evil.
Allah's statement here, ثُمَّ يُجْزَاهُ الْجَزَآءَ الأَوْفَى ( Then he will be recompensed with a full and the best recompense. )

( And Abraham who paid his debt ) i.e. he conveyed the message of his Lord and acted upon that which Allah had commanded him; it is also said that this means: he did as he was told in his dream vision:

And of Ibrahim (Abraham) who fulfilled (or conveyed) all that (what Allah ordered him to do or convey),

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