Surah Tawbah ayat 45 Tafsir Quran 9:45

﴿إِنَّمَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَارْتَابَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ فَهُمْ فِي رَيْبِهِمْ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ﴾
[ التوبة: 45]

9:45 Only those would ask permission of you who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day and whose hearts have doubted, and they, in their doubt, are hesitating.

They alone ask leave of you to stay behind who do not believe in God and the Last Day and whose hearts are doubtful uncertain about religion so in their doubt they waver they are confused.

For laboured impiety; what apology can be invented but by those who deny Allah and the Day of Judgement and their deep-rooted doubt affects their hearts and their minds profoundly, and in their objective uncertainty they vacillate

Moderately criticizing the Prophet for allowing the Hypocrites to stay behind Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Awn said, "Have you heard criticism softer than this, starting with forgiveness before criticism, عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنكَ لِمَ أَذِنتَ لَهُمْ ( May Allah forgive you.
Why did you grant them leave... )" Muwarriq Al-`Ijli and others said similarly.
Qatadah said, "Allah criticized him as you read here, then later revealed to him the permission to allow them to lag behind if he wants, in Surat An-Nur, فَإِذَا اسْتَـْذَنُوكَ لِبَعْضِ شَأْنِهِمْ فَأْذَن لِّمَن شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ ( So if they ask your permission for some affairs of theirs, give permission to whom you will of them ) 24:62." `Ata' Al-Khurasani said similarly.
Mujahid said, "This Ayah was revealed about some people who said, `Ask permission from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to stay behind, and whether he agrees, or disagrees, remain behind!"' Allah said, حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُواْ ( ...until those who told the truth were manifest to you ), in reference to valid excuses, وَتَعْلَمَ الْكَـذِبِينَ ( and you had known the liars ) Allah says, `Why did you not refuse to give them permission to remain behind when they asked you, so that you know those who truly obey you and the liars, who were intent on remaining behind even if you do not give them permission to do so, Allah asserts that none who believe in Allah and His Messenger seek his permission to remain behind from fighting, لاَ يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ ( would not ask your leave ), to stay behind from Jihad, الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ أَن يُجَـهِدُواْ بِأَمْوَلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ ( Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day, to be exempted from fighting with their properties and their lives. ) because they consider Jihad an act of worship.
This is why when Allah called them to perform Jihad, they obeyed and hasten to act in His obedience, وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَإِنَّمَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ ( and Allah is the All-Knower of those who have Taqwa.
Those who ask your leave ), to remain behind, without a valid excuse, الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ ( those who believe not in Allah and the Last Day ), they do not hope for Allah's reward in the Hereafter for their good actions, وَارْتَابَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ ( and whose hearts are in doubt ), about the validity of what you brought them, فَهُمْ فِى رَيْبِهِمْ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ ( so in their doubts they waver. ) They waver in doubt, taking one step forward and one step back.
They do not have a firm stance in anything, for they are unsure and destroyed, neither belonging to these nor to those.
Verily, those whom Allah misguides, will never find a way for themselves to guidance.

(9:45) Those only make such requests, who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day, and whose hearts are filled with doubts, and they are wavering because of their doubts *46 .

Only those would ask permission of you meaning

*46) This verse shows clearly that the conflict between Islam and kufr is the criterion to distinguish between a true Believer and a hypocrite.
The one who supports Islam in this conflict with the whole of his heart and expends all of his energies and resources in order to make it victorious and does not hesitate in the least to make any sacrifices for this purpose, is a true Believer.
On the contrary, the one who hesitates to support Islam in this conflict and refrains from making sacrifices in its Way, when he confronts the threat of the victory of kufr, is a hypocrite, for such an attitude is itself a proof of the fact that there is no faith in his heart.

 

Moderately criticizing the Prophet for allowing the Hypocrites to stay behind Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Awn said, "Have you heard criticism softer than this, starting with forgiveness before criticism, عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنكَ لِمَ أَذِنتَ لَهُمْ ( May Allah forgive you.
Why did you grant them leave... )" Muwarriq Al-`Ijli and others said similarly.
Qatadah said, "Allah criticized him as you read here, then later revealed to him the permission to allow them to lag behind if he wants, in Surat An-Nur, فَإِذَا اسْتَـْذَنُوكَ لِبَعْضِ شَأْنِهِمْ فَأْذَن لِّمَن شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ ( So if they ask your permission for some affairs of theirs, give permission to whom you will of them ) 24:62." `Ata' Al-Khurasani said similarly.
Mujahid said, "This Ayah was revealed about some people who said, `Ask permission from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to stay behind, and whether he agrees, or disagrees, remain behind!"' Allah said, حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُواْ ( ...until those who told the truth were manifest to you ), in reference to valid excuses, وَتَعْلَمَ الْكَـذِبِينَ ( and you had known the liars ) Allah says, `Why did you not refuse to give them permission to remain behind when they asked you, so that you know those who truly obey you and the liars, who were intent on remaining behind even if you do not give them permission to do so, Allah asserts that none who believe in Allah and His Messenger seek his permission to remain behind from fighting, لاَ يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ ( would not ask your leave ), to stay behind from Jihad, الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ أَن يُجَـهِدُواْ بِأَمْوَلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ ( Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day, to be exempted from fighting with their properties and their lives. ) because they consider Jihad an act of worship.
This is why when Allah called them to perform Jihad, they obeyed and hasten to act in His obedience, وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَإِنَّمَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ ( and Allah is the All-Knower of those who have Taqwa.
Those who ask your leave ), to remain behind, without a valid excuse, الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاٌّخِرِ ( those who believe not in Allah and the Last Day ), they do not hope for Allah's reward in the Hereafter for their good actions, وَارْتَابَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ ( and whose hearts are in doubt ), about the validity of what you brought them, فَهُمْ فِى رَيْبِهِمْ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ ( so in their doubts they waver. ) They waver in doubt, taking one step forward and one step back.
They do not have a firm stance in anything, for they are unsure and destroyed, neither belonging to these nor to those.
Verily, those whom Allah misguides, will never find a way for themselves to guidance.

( They alone ask leave of you ) to stay behind and not take part in jihad ( who believe not in Allah and the Last Day ) in the depth of their hearts, ( and whose hearts feel doubt, so in their doubt they waver ) they are bewildered.

It is only those who believe not in Allah and the Last Day and whose hearts are in doubt that ask your leave (to be exempted from Jihad). So in their doubts they waver.

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