Surah Nisa ayat 91 Tafsir Quran 4:91

﴿سَتَجِدُونَ آخَرِينَ يُرِيدُونَ أَن يَأْمَنُوكُمْ وَيَأْمَنُوا قَوْمَهُمْ كُلَّ مَا رُدُّوا إِلَى الْفِتْنَةِ أُرْكِسُوا فِيهَا ۚ فَإِن لَّمْ يَعْتَزِلُوكُمْ وَيُلْقُوا إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ وَيَكُفُّوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَخُذُوهُمْ وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكُمْ جَعَلْنَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَانًا مُّبِينًا﴾
[ النساء: 91]

4:91 You will find others who wish to obtain security from you and [to] obtain security from their people. Every time they are returned to [the influence of] disbelief, they fall back into it. So if they do not withdraw from you or offer you peace or restrain their hands, then seize them and kill them wherever you overtake them. And those - We have made for you against them a clear authorization.

You will find others desiring to have security from you by manifesting belief before you and security from their own people through unbelief when they return to them and these were the tribes of Asad and Ghatafān; yet whenever they are returned to sedition whenever they are summoned to idolatry they are overwhelmed by it falling into it in the worst of ways. So if they do not stay away from you by refraining from fighting you and do not offer you peace and do not restrain their hands from you then take them as captives and slay them wherever you come upon them wherever you find them; against them We have given you clear warrant a clear and manifest proof for you to slay them and capture them on account of their treachery.

You shall also find others -hypocrites,- who wish to win your confidence as well as the confidence of their people - double face -; if victory sits on your helm, they apply their hearts to you, and if it sits on their peoples helm, they apply their hearts to them and return to insurrection wherein they sink into vice under the vexations of their winds. Since, you have no binding agreement with their people, then unless they let you alone and proceed no further, offer you peace and curb their hostile appetite and withhold their wrongful hands, then beset them on all sides, kill them wherever you find them or whenever you gain mastery over them; Allah gives you, against them, a free hand and a complete liberty of action

Censuring the Companions for Disagreeing over the Hypocrites who Returned to Al-Madinah Before Uhud Allah criticizes the believers for disagreeing over the hypocrites.
There are conflicting opinions over the reason behind revealing this Ayah.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Zayd bin Thabit said that Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched towards Uhud.
However, some people who accompanied him went back to Al-Madinah, and the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided into two groups concerning them, one saying they should be killed and the other objecting.
Allah sent down, فَمَا لَكُمْ فِى الْمُنَـفِقِينَ فِئَتَيْنِ ( Then what is the matter with you that you are divided into two parties about the hypocrites ) The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«إِنَّهَا طَيْبَةُ، وَإِنَّهَا تَنْفِي الْخَبَثَ، كَمَا يَنْفِي الْكِيرُ خَبَثَ الْحَدِيد»
( She (Al-Madinah ) is Taybah, and she expels filth, just as the billow expels rust from iron.) The Two Sahihs also recorded this Hadith.
Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said that the Ayah was revealed about some people in Makkah who said they embraced Islam, yet they gave their support to the idolators.
One time, theses people went out of Makkah to fulfill some needs and said to each other, "If we meet the Companions of Muhammad, there will be no harm for us from their side." When the believers got news that these people went out of Makkah, some of them said, "Let us march to these cowards and kill them, because they support your enemy against you." However, another group from the believers said, "Glory be to Allah! Do you kill a people who say as you have said, just because they did not perform Hijrah or leave their land Is it allowed to shed their blood and confiscate their money in this case" So they divided to two groups, while the Messenger ﷺ was with them, and did not prohibit either group from reiterating their argument.
Thereafter, Allah revealed, فَمَا لَكُمْ فِى الْمُنَـفِقِينَ فِئَتَيْنِ ( Then what is the matter with you that you are divided into two parties about the hypocrites ) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded this Hadith.
Allah said, وَاللَّهُ أَرْكَسَهُمْ بِمَا كَسَبُواْ ( Allah has cast them back because of what they have earned. ) meaning, He made them revert to, and fall into error.
Ibn `Abbas said that, أَرْكَسَهُمْ ( Arkasahum ) means, `cast them' .
Allah's statement, بِمَا كَسَبُواْ ( because of what they have earned ) means, because of their defiance and disobedience to the Messenger ﷺ and following falsehood. أَتُرِيدُونَ أَن تَهْدُواْ مَنْ أَضَلَّ اللَّهُ وَمَن يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَلَن تَجِدَ لَهُ سَبِيلاً ( Do you want to guide him whom Allah has made to go astray And he whom Allah has made to go astray, you will never find for him a way. ) meaning, there will be no path for him, or way to guidance.
Allah's statement, وَدُّواْ لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ كَمَا كَفَرُواْ فَتَكُونُونَ سَوَآءً ( They wish that you reject faith, as they have rejected, and thus that you all become equal. ) means, they wish that you fall into misguidance, so that you and they are equal in that regard.
This is because of their extreme enmity and hatred for you.
Therefore, Allah said, فَلاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ مِنْهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ حَتَّى يُهَاجِرُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْاْ ( So take not Awliya' from them, till they emigrate in the way of Allah.
But if they turn back, ) if they abandon Hijrah, as Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas.
As-Suddi said that this part of the Ayah means, "If they make their disbelief public." Combatants and Noncombatants Allah excluded some people; إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِّيثَـقٌ ( Except those who join a group, between you and whom there is a treaty (of peace ),) meaning, except those who join and take refuge with a people with whom you have a pact of peace, or people of Dhimmah, then treat them as you treat the people with whom you have peace.
This is the saying of As-Suddi, Ibn Zayd and Ibn Jarir.
In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded the story of the treaty of Al-Hudaybiyyah, where it was mentioned that whoever liked to have peace with Quraysh and conduct a pact with them, then they were allowed.
Those who liked to have peace with Muhammad and his Companions and enter a pact with them were allowed.
It was reported that Ibn `Abbas said that this Ayah was later abrogated by Allah's statement, فَإِذَا انسَلَخَ الأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُواْ الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدتُّمُوهُمْ ( Then when the Sacred Months have passed, kill the idolators wherever you find them ) Allah said, أَوْ جَآءُوكُمْ حَصِرَتْ صُدُورُهُمْ ( or those who approach you with their breasts restraining ) referring to another type of people covered by the exclusion from fighting.
They are those who approach the Muslims with hesitation in their hearts because of their aversion to fighting the Muslims.
They do not have the heart to fight with the Muslims against their own people.
Therefore, they are neither with nor against Muslims. وَلَوْ شَآءَ اللَّهُ لَسَلَّطَهُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ فَلَقَـتَلُوكُمْ ( Had Allah willed, indeed He would have given them power over you, and they would have fought you. ) meaning, it is from Allah's mercy that He has stopped them from fighting you. فَإِنِ اعْتَزَلُوكُمْ فَلَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ وَأَلْقَوْاْ إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ ( So, if they withdraw from you, and fight not against you, and offer you peace, ) meaning, they revert to peace, فَمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ سَبِيلاً ( then Allah has opened no way for you against them ), you do not have the right to kill them, as long as they take this position.
This was the position of Banu Hashim ( the tribe of the Prophet ), such as Al-`Abbas, who accompanied the idolators in the battle of Badr, for they joined the battle with great hesitation.
This is why the Prophet commanded that Al-`Abbas not be killed, but only captured.
Allah's statement, d سَتَجِدُونَ ءَاخَرِينَ يُرِيدُونَ أَن يَأْمَنُوكُمْ وَيَأْمَنُواْ قَوْمَهُمْ ( You will find others that wish to have security from you and security from their people. ) refers to a type of people who on the surface appear to be like the type we just mentioned.
However, the intention of each type is different, for the latter are hypocrites.
They pretend to be Muslims with the Prophet and his Companions, so that they could attain safety with the Muslims for their blood, property and families.
However, they support the idolators in secret and worship what they worship, so that they are at peace with them also.
These people have secretly sided with the idolators, just as Allah described them, وَإِذَا خَلَوْاْ إِلَى شَيَـطِينِهِمْ قَالُواْ إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ ( But when they are alone with their Shayatin, they say: "Truly, we are with you." ).
In this Ayah, Allah said, كُلَّ مَا رُدُّواْ إِلَى الْفِتْنِةِ أُرْكِسُواْ فِيِهَا ( Every time they are sent back to Fitnah, they yield thereto. ) meaning, they dwell in Fitnah.
As-Suddi said that the Fitnah mentioned here refers to Shirk.
Ibn Jarir recorded that Mujahid said that the Ayah was revealed about a group from Makkah who used to go to the Prophet in Al-Madinah pretending to be Muslims.
However, when they went back to Quraysh, they reverted to worshipping idols.
They wanted to be at peace with both sides.
Allah commanded they should be fought against, unless they withdraw from combat and resort to peace.
This is why Allah said, فَإِن لَّمْ يَعْتَزِلُوكُمْ وَيُلْقُواْ إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ ( If they withdraw not from you, nor offer you peace ) meaning, revert to peaceful and complacent behavior, وَيَكُفُّواْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ ( nor restrain their hands ) refrain from fighting you, فَخُذُوهُمْ ( take (hold of ) them), capture them, وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ ( and kill them wherever you Thaqiftumuhum. ), wherever you find them, وَأُوْلَـئِكُمْ جَعَلْنَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَـناً مُّبِيناً ( In their case, We have provided you with a clear warrant against them ), meaning an unequivocal and plain warrant.

Censuring the Companions for Disagreeing over the Hypocrites who Returned to Al-Madinah Before Uhud Allah criticizes the believers for disagreeing over the hypocrites.
There are conflicting opinions over the reason behind revealing this Ayah.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Zayd bin Thabit said that Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched towards Uhud.
However, some people who accompanied him went back to Al-Madinah, and the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided into two groups concerning them, one saying they should be killed and the other objecting.
Allah sent down, فَمَا لَكُمْ فِى الْمُنَـفِقِينَ فِئَتَيْنِ ( Then what is the matter with you that you are divided into two parties about the hypocrites ) The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «إِنَّهَا طَيْبَةُ، وَإِنَّهَا تَنْفِي الْخَبَثَ، كَمَا يَنْفِي الْكِيرُ خَبَثَ الْحَدِيد» ( She (Al-Madinah ) is Taybah, and she expels filth, just as the billow expels rust from iron.) The Two Sahihs also recorded this Hadith.
Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said that the Ayah was revealed about some people in Makkah who said they embraced Islam, yet they gave their support to the idolators.
One time, theses people went out of Makkah to fulfill some needs and said to each other, "If we meet the Companions of Muhammad, there will be no harm for us from their side." When the believers got news that these people went out of Makkah, some of them said, "Let us march to these cowards and kill them, because they support your enemy against you." However, another group from the believers said, "Glory be to Allah! Do you kill a people who say as you have said, just because they did not perform Hijrah or leave their land Is it allowed to shed their blood and confiscate their money in this case" So they divided to two groups, while the Messenger ﷺ was with them, and did not prohibit either group from reiterating their argument.
Thereafter, Allah revealed, فَمَا لَكُمْ فِى الْمُنَـفِقِينَ فِئَتَيْنِ ( Then what is the matter with you that you are divided into two parties about the hypocrites ) Ibn Abi Hatim recorded this Hadith.
Allah said, وَاللَّهُ أَرْكَسَهُمْ بِمَا كَسَبُواْ ( Allah has cast them back because of what they have earned. ) meaning, He made them revert to, and fall into error.
Ibn `Abbas said that, أَرْكَسَهُمْ ( Arkasahum ) means, `cast them' .
Allah's statement, بِمَا كَسَبُواْ ( because of what they have earned ) means, because of their defiance and disobedience to the Messenger ﷺ and following falsehood. أَتُرِيدُونَ أَن تَهْدُواْ مَنْ أَضَلَّ اللَّهُ وَمَن يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَلَن تَجِدَ لَهُ سَبِيلاً ( Do you want to guide him whom Allah has made to go astray And he whom Allah has made to go astray, you will never find for him a way. ) meaning, there will be no path for him, or way to guidance.
Allah's statement, وَدُّواْ لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ كَمَا كَفَرُواْ فَتَكُونُونَ سَوَآءً ( They wish that you reject faith, as they have rejected, and thus that you all become equal. ) means, they wish that you fall into misguidance, so that you and they are equal in that regard.
This is because of their extreme enmity and hatred for you.
Therefore, Allah said, فَلاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ مِنْهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ حَتَّى يُهَاجِرُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْاْ ( So take not Awliya' from them, till they emigrate in the way of Allah.
But if they turn back, ) if they abandon Hijrah, as Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas.
As-Suddi said that this part of the Ayah means, "If they make their disbelief public." Combatants and Noncombatants Allah excluded some people; إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِّيثَـقٌ ( Except those who join a group, between you and whom there is a treaty (of peace ),) meaning, except those who join and take refuge with a people with whom you have a pact of peace, or people of Dhimmah, then treat them as you treat the people with whom you have peace.
This is the saying of As-Suddi, Ibn Zayd and Ibn Jarir.
In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded the story of the treaty of Al-Hudaybiyyah, where it was mentioned that whoever liked to have peace with Quraysh and conduct a pact with them, then they were allowed.
Those who liked to have peace with Muhammad and his Companions and enter a pact with them were allowed.
It was reported that Ibn `Abbas said that this Ayah was later abrogated by Allah's statement, فَإِذَا انسَلَخَ الأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُواْ الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدتُّمُوهُمْ ( Then when the Sacred Months have passed, kill the idolators wherever you find them ) Allah said, أَوْ جَآءُوكُمْ حَصِرَتْ صُدُورُهُمْ ( or those who approach you with their breasts restraining ) referring to another type of people covered by the exclusion from fighting.
They are those who approach the Muslims with hesitation in their hearts because of their aversion to fighting the Muslims.
They do not have the heart to fight with the Muslims against their own people.
Therefore, they are neither with nor against Muslims. وَلَوْ شَآءَ اللَّهُ لَسَلَّطَهُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ فَلَقَـتَلُوكُمْ ( Had Allah willed, indeed He would have given them power over you, and they would have fought you. ) meaning, it is from Allah's mercy that He has stopped them from fighting you. فَإِنِ اعْتَزَلُوكُمْ فَلَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ وَأَلْقَوْاْ إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ ( So, if they withdraw from you, and fight not against you, and offer you peace, ) meaning, they revert to peace, فَمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ سَبِيلاً ( then Allah has opened no way for you against them ), you do not have the right to kill them, as long as they take this position.
This was the position of Banu Hashim ( the tribe of the Prophet ), such as Al-`Abbas, who accompanied the idolators in the battle of Badr, for they joined the battle with great hesitation.
This is why the Prophet commanded that Al-`Abbas not be killed, but only captured.
Allah's statement, d سَتَجِدُونَ ءَاخَرِينَ يُرِيدُونَ أَن يَأْمَنُوكُمْ وَيَأْمَنُواْ قَوْمَهُمْ ( You will find others that wish to have security from you and security from their people. ) refers to a type of people who on the surface appear to be like the type we just mentioned.
However, the intention of each type is different, for the latter are hypocrites.
They pretend to be Muslims with the Prophet and his Companions, so that they could attain safety with the Muslims for their blood, property and families.
However, they support the idolators in secret and worship what they worship, so that they are at peace with them also.
These people have secretly sided with the idolators, just as Allah described them, وَإِذَا خَلَوْاْ إِلَى شَيَـطِينِهِمْ قَالُواْ إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ ( But when they are alone with their Shayatin, they say: "Truly, we are with you." ).
In this Ayah, Allah said, كُلَّ مَا رُدُّواْ إِلَى الْفِتْنِةِ أُرْكِسُواْ فِيِهَا ( Every time they are sent back to Fitnah, they yield thereto. ) meaning, they dwell in Fitnah.
As-Suddi said that the Fitnah mentioned here refers to Shirk.
Ibn Jarir recorded that Mujahid said that the Ayah was revealed about a group from Makkah who used to go to the Prophet in Al-Madinah pretending to be Muslims.
However, when they went back to Quraysh, they reverted to worshipping idols.
They wanted to be at peace with both sides.
Allah commanded they should be fought against, unless they withdraw from combat and resort to peace.
This is why Allah said, فَإِن لَّمْ يَعْتَزِلُوكُمْ وَيُلْقُواْ إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ ( If they withdraw not from you, nor offer you peace ) meaning, revert to peaceful and complacent behavior, وَيَكُفُّواْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ ( nor restrain their hands ) refrain from fighting you, فَخُذُوهُمْ ( take (hold of ) them), capture them, وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ ( and kill them wherever you Thaqiftumuhum. ), wherever you find them, وَأُوْلَـئِكُمْ جَعَلْنَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَـناً مُّبِيناً ( In their case, We have provided you with a clear warrant against them ), meaning an unequivocal and plain warrant.

( You will find others ) other than the people of Hilal, Asad and Ghatafan for example ( who desire that they should have security from you ) they desire that their persons and wealth and families be safe from you by the declaration of there is no god but Allah, ( and security from their own folk ) and desire to be safe from their clan by adhering to disbelief. ( So often as they are returned to hostility ) to idolatry ( they are plunged therein ) they revert to it. ( If they keep not aloof from you ) upon the conquest of Mecca ( nor offer you peace ) nor submit to you by means of a treaty ( nor hold their hands ) from fighting you upon the conquest of Mecca, ( then take them ) as prisoners ( and kill them wherever you find them ) in the Sacred Precinct or anywhere else. ( Against such ) i.e. Asad and Ghatafan ( We have given you clear warrant ) to kill them.

You will find others that wish to have security from you and security from their people. Every time they are sent back to temptation, they yield thereto. If they withdraw not from you, nor offer you peace, nor restrain their hands, take (hold) of them and kill them wherever you find them. In their case, We have provided you with a clear warrant against them.

Page 92 English transliteration