Wama asabakum min museebatin fabima kasabat aydeekum wayaAAfoo AAan katheer (surah shura: 30)

Tafseer Tafheem-ul-Quran by Syed Abu-al-A'la Maududi

(42:30) Whatever misfortune befalls you is a consequence of your own deeds. But much of it He forgives. *52

Wa maaa asaabakum mim museebatin fabimaa kasabat aydeekum wa ya`foo `an kaseer

*52) One should note that here the cause of all human afflictions is not being stated but the address is directed to the people who were at that time committing disbelief and disobedience at Makkah. They are being told: `Had Allah seized you for alI your sins and crimes, He would not have even allowed you to live, but the calamities (probably the allusion is to the famine of Makkah) that have descended on you, are only a warning so that you may take heed and examine your actions and deeds to see as to what attitude and conduct you have adopted as against your Lord, and try to understand how helpless you actually arc against God against Whom you are rebelling, and know that those whom you have taken as your patrons and supporters, or the powers that you have relied upon, cannot avail you anything against the punishment of AIlah."
For further explanation it is necessary to state that as regards the sincere believer, Allah's law for him is different. All the calamities and hardships that befall him go on becoming an atonement for his sins, errors and deficiencies. There is an authentic Hadith to the effect: `Whatever sorrow and suffering, distress and grief, and affliction and worry that a Muslim experiences, even if it be a thorn prick, it is made an atonement by Allah for one or the other of his errors. " (Bukhari, Muslim). As for the hardships that a believer faces in the way of raising Allah's Word, they do not merely become an atonement for his deficiencies but also a means of the exaltation of ranks with AIlah. In this connection, it cannot even be imagined that they descend as a punishment for sins."