Surah Raad ayat 11 Tafsir Quran 13:11

﴿لَهُ مُعَقِّبَاتٌ مِّن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوْمٍ حَتَّىٰ يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنفُسِهِمْ ۗ وَإِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ سُوءًا فَلَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ ۚ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن دُونِهِ مِن وَالٍ﴾
[ الرعد: 11]

13:11 For each one are successive [angels] before and behind him who protect him by the decree of Allah. Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves. And when Allah intends for a people ill, there is no repelling it. And there is not for them besides Him any patron.

For him for man are attendants angels who follow him to his front and to his rear guarding him through God’s command that is by His command from the danger of the jinn and others. Indeed God does not alter the state of a people — He does not deprive them of His grace — unless they have altered the state of their souls from their comely nature through an act of disobedience. And if God wills misfortune chastisement for a people there is none that can repel it either from among the attendant angels or others; and they for whom God wills misfortune have no protector min wālin min is extra to avert it from them apart from Him that is other than God.

Each and everyone has a succession of guardian angels guarding the whole on the fore and the back side upon Allahs high behest. Allah does not change the state of life of a given nation until they have changed the state of their innermost being. And when it is His will that a people be stricken with a misfortune or be wedded to a calamity, no expedient whatever nor anyone of singular ingenuity can avert it, and besides Him they have no tutelary protector

Allah's Knowledge encompasses all Things Apparent and Hidden Allah declares that His knowledge is encompassing all of His creation, those who declare their speech or hide it, He hears it and nothing of it ever escapes His observation.
Allah said in other Ayat, وَإِن تَجْهَرْ بِالْقَوْلِ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى ( And if you speak aloud, then verily, He knows the secret and that which is yet more hidden. )20:7, and, وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تُخْفُونَ وَمَا تُعْلِنُونَ ( And (Allah ) knows what you conceal and what you reveal.) `A'ishah said, "All praise is due to Allah Whose hearing has encompassed all voices! By Allah, she who came to complain about her husband to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was speaking while I was in another part of the room, yet I did not hear some of what she said.
Allah sent down, قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِى تُجَادِلُكَ فِى زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِى إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمآ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ ( Indeed Allah has heard the statement of her that disputes with you concerning her husband and complains to Allah.
And Allah hears the argument between you both.
Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer. )58:1 Allah said next, وَمَنْ هُوَ مُسْتَخْفٍ بِالَّيْلِ ( whether he be hid by night ), in his house in the darkness of the night, وَسَارِبٌ بِالنَّهَارِ ( or goes forth freely by day. ) moves about during the daylight; both are encompassed by Allah's knowledge.
Allah said in other Ayat, أَلا حِينَ يَسْتَغْشُونَ ثِيَابَهُمْ ( Surely, even when they cover themselves with their garments. ) 11:5, and, وَمَا تَكُونُ فِى شَأْنٍ وَمَا تَتْلُواْ مِنْهُ مِن قُرْءَانٍ وَلاَ تَعْمَلُونَ مِنْ عَمَلٍ إِلاَّ كُنَّا عَلَيْكُمْ شُهُودًا إِذْ تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ وَمَا يَعْزُبُ عَن رَّبِّكَ مِن مِّثْقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ فِي الاٌّرْضِ وَلاَ فِى السَّمَآءِ وَلاَ أَصْغَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ وَلا أَكْبَرَ إِلاَّ فِى كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ ( Neither you do any deed nor recite any portion of the Qur'an nor you do any deed, but We are witness thereof when you are doing it.
And nothing is hidden from your Lord (so much as ) the a speck of dust on the earth or in the heaven.
Not what is less than that or what is greater than that but is ( written ) in a Clear Record.)10:61 The Guardian Angels Allah said next, لَهُ مُعَقِّبَـتٌ مِّن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ( For him (each person ), there are angels in succession, before and behind him.
They guard him by the command of Allah.) Allah states that there are angels who take turns guarding each servant, some by night and some by day.
These angels protect each person from harm and accidents.
There are also angels who take turns recording the good and evil deeds, some angels do this by day and some by night.
There are two angels, one to the right and one to the left of each person, recording the deeds.
The angel to the right records the good deeds, while the angel to the left records the evil deeds.
There are also two angels that guard and protect each person, one from the back and one from in front.
Therefore, there are four angels that surround each person by day and they are replaced by four others at night, two scribes and two guards.
An authentic Hadith states,
«يَتَعَاقَبُونَ فِيكُمْ مَلَائِكَةٌ بِاللَّيْلِ وَمَلَائِكَةٌ بالنَّهَارِ، وَيَجْتَمِعُونَ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، فَيَصْعَدُ إِلَيْهِ الَّذِينَ بَاتُوا فِيكُمْ فَيَسْأَلُهُمْ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ: كَيْفَ تَرَكْتُمْ عِبَادِي؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: أَتَيْنَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ، وَتَرَكْنَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يُصَلُّون»
( Angels take turns around you, some at night and some by day, and all of them assemble together at the time of the Fajr and `Asr prayers.
Then those who have stayed with you throughout the night, ascend to Allah Who asks them, and He knows the answer better than they about you, "How have you left My servants" They reply, "As we have found them praying, we have left them praying." ) Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,
«مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا وَقَدْ وُكِّلَ بِهِ قَرِينُهُ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَقَرِينُهُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَة»
( Verily, every one among you has his companion from the Jinn and his companion from the angels." ) They said, "And you too, O Allah's Messenger" He said,
«وَإِيَّايَ، وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ أَعَانَنِي عَلَيْهِ، فَلَا يَأْمُرُنِي إِلَّا بِخَيْر»
( And I too, except that Allah has helped me against him, so he only orders me to do good. ) Muslim collected this Hadith.
Ibn Abi Hatim narrated that Ibrahim said, "Allah revealed to a Prophet from among the Children of Israel, `Say to your nation: every people of a village or a house who used to obey Allah but changed their behavior to disobeying Him, then He will take away from them what they like and exchange it for what they dislike." Ibrahim next said that this statement has proof in Allah's Book, إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُواْ مَا بِأَنفُسِهِمْ ( Verily, Allah will not change the (good ) condition of a people as long as they do not change their state ( of goodness ) themselves.)

(13:11) For each person has guardians before him and behind him, who watch over him by Allah's command. *18 The fact is that Allah does not change a people's lot unless they themselves change their own characteristics: and when Allah decides to bring about retribution to a people, none can ward it off, nor can they find any defender or helper against Allah. *19

For each one are successive [angels] before meaning

*18) That is, 'Allah not only directly watches over whatever each person does, and is fully aware of everything he dces, but He has also appointed such Guardians as accompany him everywhere and keep a full record of all his deeds.
" This has been stated here to warn those people who live their lives under the delusion that they have been left absolutely free to do whatever they like and shall not be required to render an account of what they did in this worldly life.
The warning is that such people invite their own retribution.

*19) This is to warn them further that they should not remain under any delusion that some holy person or saint or angel has the power to rescue them froth Divine Retribution, for there is none who could defend them against Allah, even though they might have been paying homages and making offerings to their so-called patrons and protectors in the hope that they would rescue them froth punishment from Allah on the Day of Judgement.

 

Allah's Knowledge encompasses all Things Apparent and Hidden Allah declares that His knowledge is encompassing all of His creation, those who declare their speech or hide it, He hears it and nothing of it ever escapes His observation.
Allah said in other Ayat, وَإِن تَجْهَرْ بِالْقَوْلِ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى ( And if you speak aloud, then verily, He knows the secret and that which is yet more hidden. )20:7, and, وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تُخْفُونَ وَمَا تُعْلِنُونَ ( And (Allah ) knows what you conceal and what you reveal.) `A'ishah said, "All praise is due to Allah Whose hearing has encompassed all voices! By Allah, she who came to complain about her husband to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was speaking while I was in another part of the room, yet I did not hear some of what she said.
Allah sent down, قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِى تُجَادِلُكَ فِى زَوْجِهَا وَتَشْتَكِى إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ يَسْمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمآ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ ( Indeed Allah has heard the statement of her that disputes with you concerning her husband and complains to Allah.
And Allah hears the argument between you both.
Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer. )58:1 Allah said next, وَمَنْ هُوَ مُسْتَخْفٍ بِالَّيْلِ ( whether he be hid by night ), in his house in the darkness of the night, وَسَارِبٌ بِالنَّهَارِ ( or goes forth freely by day. ) moves about during the daylight; both are encompassed by Allah's knowledge.
Allah said in other Ayat, أَلا حِينَ يَسْتَغْشُونَ ثِيَابَهُمْ ( Surely, even when they cover themselves with their garments. ) 11:5, and, وَمَا تَكُونُ فِى شَأْنٍ وَمَا تَتْلُواْ مِنْهُ مِن قُرْءَانٍ وَلاَ تَعْمَلُونَ مِنْ عَمَلٍ إِلاَّ كُنَّا عَلَيْكُمْ شُهُودًا إِذْ تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ وَمَا يَعْزُبُ عَن رَّبِّكَ مِن مِّثْقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ فِي الاٌّرْضِ وَلاَ فِى السَّمَآءِ وَلاَ أَصْغَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ وَلا أَكْبَرَ إِلاَّ فِى كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ ( Neither you do any deed nor recite any portion of the Qur'an nor you do any deed, but We are witness thereof when you are doing it.
And nothing is hidden from your Lord (so much as ) the a speck of dust on the earth or in the heaven.
Not what is less than that or what is greater than that but is ( written ) in a Clear Record.)10:61 The Guardian Angels Allah said next, لَهُ مُعَقِّبَـتٌ مِّن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ( For him (each person ), there are angels in succession, before and behind him.
They guard him by the command of Allah.) Allah states that there are angels who take turns guarding each servant, some by night and some by day.
These angels protect each person from harm and accidents.
There are also angels who take turns recording the good and evil deeds, some angels do this by day and some by night.
There are two angels, one to the right and one to the left of each person, recording the deeds.
The angel to the right records the good deeds, while the angel to the left records the evil deeds.
There are also two angels that guard and protect each person, one from the back and one from in front.
Therefore, there are four angels that surround each person by day and they are replaced by four others at night, two scribes and two guards.
An authentic Hadith states, «يَتَعَاقَبُونَ فِيكُمْ مَلَائِكَةٌ بِاللَّيْلِ وَمَلَائِكَةٌ بالنَّهَارِ، وَيَجْتَمِعُونَ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، فَيَصْعَدُ إِلَيْهِ الَّذِينَ بَاتُوا فِيكُمْ فَيَسْأَلُهُمْ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ: كَيْفَ تَرَكْتُمْ عِبَادِي؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: أَتَيْنَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ، وَتَرَكْنَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يُصَلُّون» ( Angels take turns around you, some at night and some by day, and all of them assemble together at the time of the Fajr and `Asr prayers.
Then those who have stayed with you throughout the night, ascend to Allah Who asks them, and He knows the answer better than they about you, "How have you left My servants" They reply, "As we have found them praying, we have left them praying." ) Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا وَقَدْ وُكِّلَ بِهِ قَرِينُهُ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَقَرِينُهُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَة» ( Verily, every one among you has his companion from the Jinn and his companion from the angels." ) They said, "And you too, O Allah's Messenger" He said, «وَإِيَّايَ، وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ أَعَانَنِي عَلَيْهِ، فَلَا يَأْمُرُنِي إِلَّا بِخَيْر» ( And I too, except that Allah has helped me against him, so he only orders me to do good. ) Muslim collected this Hadith.
Ibn Abi Hatim narrated that Ibrahim said, "Allah revealed to a Prophet from among the Children of Israel, `Say to your nation: every people of a village or a house who used to obey Allah but changed their behavior to disobeying Him, then He will take away from them what they like and exchange it for what they dislike." Ibrahim next said that this statement has proof in Allah's Book, إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُواْ مَا بِأَنفُسِهِمْ ( Verily, Allah will not change the (good ) condition of a people as long as they do not change their state ( of goodness ) themselves.)

( For him are angels ranged before him ) He has angels who succeed one another: the angels of the night succeed the angels of the day and vice versa ( and behind him who guard him by Allah’s command ) and who drive him to the things destined. ( Lo! Allah changeth not the condition of a folk ) the blessing and safety of a people ( until they (first ) change that which is in their hearts) by failing to give thanks; ( and if Allah willeth misfortune ) a chastisement or destruction ( for a folk there is none that can repel it ) there is none that can repel Allah’s decree concerning them, ( nor have they ) for those whom Allah wants to destroy ( a defender ) who can save them from Allah’s chastisement; it is also said that this means: none can give them a refuge to which they can escape ( beside Him ) beside Allah.

For each (person), there are angels in succession, before and behind him. They guard him by the Command of Allah. Verily! Allah will not change the good condition of a people as long as they do not change their state of goodness themselves (by committing sins and by being ungrateful and disobedient to Allah). But when Allah wills a people's punishment, there can be no turning back of it, and they will find besides Him no protector.

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