Surah Qasas ayat 14 Tafsir Quran 28:14

﴿وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَاسْتَوَىٰ آتَيْنَاهُ حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا ۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾
[ القصص: 14]

28:14 And when he attained his full strength and was [mentally] mature, We bestowed upon him judgement and knowledge. And thus do We reward the doers of good.

And when he came of age namely at 30 or 33 and then was fully mature that is when he reached the age of 40 We gave him judgement wisdom and knowledge comprehension of religious matters before he was sent as a prophet. And so just as We rewarded him do We reward those are virtuous to their own souls.

And when he -Mussa- reached maturity and was capable of fulfilling the obligation and the trust, We bestowed on him an exalted position. We imparted to him wisdom and divine knowledge. Thus do We requite those whose deeds are imprinted with wisdom and piety

How Musa killed a Coptic Man Having described Musa's beginnings, Allah then tells us that when he reached maturity, and was complete in stature, Allah gave him Hukm and religious knowledge.
Mujahid said that this means prophethood. وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِى الْمُحْسِنِينَ ( And thus do We reward the doers of good. ) Then Allah describes how Musa reached the status that was decreed for him, that of Prophethood and speaking to Allah, as a direct consequence of killing the Coptic, which was the reason why he left Egypt and went to Madyan.
Allah says: وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَى حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا ( And he entered the city when its people were unaware. ) Ibn Jurayj narrated from `Ata' Al-Khurasani, from Ibn `Abbas, "That was between Maghrib and `Isha'." Ibn Al-Munkadir narrated from `Ata' bin Yasar from Ibn `Abbas, "That was in the middle of the day." This was also the view of Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, As-Suddi and Qatadah. فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلاَنِ ( and he found there two men fighting, ) meaning, hitting one another and struggling with one another. هَـذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِ ( one of his party, ) meaning, an Israelite, وَهَـذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ ( and the other of his foes. ) meaning, a Coptic.
This was the view of Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Muhammad bin Ishaq.
The Israelite man asked Musa, peace be upon him, for help, and Musa took advantage of the fact that people were not paying attention, so he went to the Coptic man and فَوَكَزَهُ مُوسَى فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ ( so Musa struck him with his fist and he died. ) Mujahid said, "This means he punched him with his fist." And then he died. قَالَ ( He said ) refers to Musa. وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَى حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلاَنِ هَـذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِ وَهَـذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ فَاسْتَغَـثَهُ الَّذِى مِن شِيعَتِهِ عَلَى الَّذِى مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ فَوَكَزَهُ مُوسَى فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ قَالَ هَـذَا مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَـنِ إِنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ مُّضِلٌّ مُّبِينٌ - قَالَ رَب إِنِّى ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِى فَاغْفِرْ لِى فَغَفَرَ لَهُ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَآ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَىَّ ( "This is of Shaytan's doing, verily, he is a plain misleading enemy." He said: "My Lord! Verily, I have wronged myself, so forgive me." Then He forgave him.
Verily, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.
He said: "My Lord! For that with which You have favored me, ) meaning, `what You have given me of prestige, power and blessings -- ' فَلَنْ أَكُونَ ظَهِيراً ( I will nevermore be a helper of the criminals! ) `those who disbelieve in You and go against Your commands.'

(28:14) When Moses had reached his full maturity and become full- grown, *18 We gave him judgement and knowledge; *19 thus do We reward the righteous.

And when he attained his full strength meaning

*18) That is, when he had attained his full mental and physical development.
In this connection, different ages of the Prophet Moses have been mentioned in the Jewish traditions.
Some say he was 18, others have mentioned 20 years and still others 40 years.
According to the New Testament, he was 40 years old.
( Acts, 7: 23 ).
But the Qur'an does not mention any age.
For the purpose of the incident being mentioned in the following verses, it is enough to know that he had attained his full maturity at that time.

*19) Hukum implies wisdom, understanding and power of judgement, and 'llm is both religious and worldly knowledge.
The Prophet Moses became familiar with the teachings of his forefathers the Prophets Joseph.
Jacob, Isaac and Abraham ( peace be upon all of them ) through his contact with his parents, and with the sciences prevalent in Egypt by virtue of his training as a prince in the king's palace.
Here the gift of Hukm ( wisdom ) and `Ilm ( knowledge ) does nor refer to the gift of Prophethood, because Prophethood was bestowed on Moses several years afterwards, as is mentioned below, and has already been mentioned in Ash-Shu`araa: 21 above.

Regarding his education and training while as a prince the New Testament says: " Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and' in deeds. " ( Acts, 7: 22 ).
The Talmud says: Moses grew up, a handsome lad, in the palace of the king: he dressed royally, was honoured by the people, and seemed in all things of royal lineage.
He visited the land of Goshen daily, observing the rigour with which his brethren were treated....
Moses urged the king of Egypt to grant the men of Goshen one day of rest from the labour, in each week, and the king acceded to his request.
Moses said, " If you compel them to labour steadily their strength will fail them; for your benefit and profit allow them at least one day in the week for rest and renewal of strength ", And the Lord was with Moses, and his fame extended through all the land.
" ( H.
Polano: The Talmud Selection pp.
128-29 ).

 

How Musa killed a Coptic Man Having described Musa's beginnings, Allah then tells us that when he reached maturity, and was complete in stature, Allah gave him Hukm and religious knowledge.
Mujahid said that this means prophethood. وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِى الْمُحْسِنِينَ ( And thus do We reward the doers of good. ) Then Allah describes how Musa reached the status that was decreed for him, that of Prophethood and speaking to Allah, as a direct consequence of killing the Coptic, which was the reason why he left Egypt and went to Madyan.
Allah says: وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَى حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا ( And he entered the city when its people were unaware. ) Ibn Jurayj narrated from `Ata' Al-Khurasani, from Ibn `Abbas, "That was between Maghrib and `Isha'." Ibn Al-Munkadir narrated from `Ata' bin Yasar from Ibn `Abbas, "That was in the middle of the day." This was also the view of Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, As-Suddi and Qatadah. فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلاَنِ ( and he found there two men fighting, ) meaning, hitting one another and struggling with one another. هَـذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِ ( one of his party, ) meaning, an Israelite, وَهَـذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ ( and the other of his foes. ) meaning, a Coptic.
This was the view of Ibn `Abbas, Qatadah, As-Suddi and Muhammad bin Ishaq.
The Israelite man asked Musa, peace be upon him, for help, and Musa took advantage of the fact that people were not paying attention, so he went to the Coptic man and فَوَكَزَهُ مُوسَى فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ ( so Musa struck him with his fist and he died. ) Mujahid said, "This means he punched him with his fist." And then he died. قَالَ ( He said ) refers to Musa. وَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ عَلَى حِينِ غَفْلَةٍ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ يَقْتَتِلاَنِ هَـذَا مِن شِيعَتِهِ وَهَـذَا مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ فَاسْتَغَـثَهُ الَّذِى مِن شِيعَتِهِ عَلَى الَّذِى مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ فَوَكَزَهُ مُوسَى فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ قَالَ هَـذَا مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَـنِ إِنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ مُّضِلٌّ مُّبِينٌ - قَالَ رَب إِنِّى ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِى فَاغْفِرْ لِى فَغَفَرَ لَهُ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَآ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَىَّ ( "This is of Shaytan's doing, verily, he is a plain misleading enemy." He said: "My Lord! Verily, I have wronged myself, so forgive me." Then He forgave him.
Verily, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most Merciful.
He said: "My Lord! For that with which You have favored me, ) meaning, `what You have given me of prestige, power and blessings -- ' فَلَنْ أَكُونَ ظَهِيراً ( I will nevermore be a helper of the criminals! ) `those who disbelieve in You and go against Your commands.'

( And when he reached his full strength ) 18 years of age ( and was ripe ) he reached his 40th year, ( We gave him wisdom ) understanding ( and knowledge ) prophethood. ( Thus do We reward the good ) i.e. the prophets by bestowing upon them understanding and prophethood; it is also said that this means: thus do We reward the righteous by bestowing upon them knowledge and wisdom.

And when he attained his full strength, and was perfect (in manhood), We bestowed on him Hukman (Prophethood, right judgement of the affairs) and religious knowledge [of the religion of his forefathers i.e. Islamic Monotheism]. And thus do We reward the Muhsinun (i.e. good doers - see the footnote of V. 9:120).

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