Surah Najm ayat 2 Tafsir Quran 53:2

﴿مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَىٰ﴾
[ النجم: 2]

53:2 Your companion [Muhammad] has not strayed, nor has he erred,

your companion Muhammad (s) may God bless him and grant him peace has neither gone astray from the path of guidance nor has he erred nor has he engaged in error al-ghayy is ignorance that results from a false belief;

In confirmation of the truthful attributes of your compatriot Muhammad- who did not err nor stray from the path of safety and righteousness

Which was revealed in Makkah The First Surah in which a Prostration is revealed Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "Surat An-Najm was the first Surah in which a prostration was revealed.
The Prophet ( recited it in Makkah ) and prostrated.
Those who were with him did the same, except an old man who took a handful of soil and prostrated on it.
Later on, I saw him killed as a disbeliever; he was Umayyah bin Khalaf." Al-Bukhari recorded this Hadith in several places of his Sahih, as did Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, using various chains of narration through Abu Ishaq from `Abdullah. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Allah swears the Messenger ﷺ is True and His Words are a Revelation from Him Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ash-Sha`bi and others stated that the Creator swears by whatever He wills among His creation, but the created only vow by the Creator.
Allah said, وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى ( By the star when it goes down. ) Ibn Abi Najih reported that Mujahid said, "The star refers to Pleiades when it sets at Fajr." Ad-Dahhak said "When the Shayatin are shot with it." And this Ayah is like Allah's saying; فَلاَ أُقْسِمُ بِمَوَقِعِ النُّجُومِ - وَإِنَّهُ لَقَسَمٌ لَّوْ تَعْلَمُونَ عَظِيمٌ - إِنَّهُ لَقُرْءَانٌ كَرِيمٌ - فِى كِتَـبٍ مَّكْنُونٍ - لاَّ يَمَسُّهُ إِلاَّ الْمُطَهَّرُونَ - تَنزِيلٌ مِّن رَّبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ ( So, I swear by the setting of the stars.
And verily, that is indeed a great oath, if you but know.
That is indeed an honorable recitation.
In a Book well-guarded.
Which none can touch but the pure.
A revelation from the Lord of all that exists. )( 56:75-80 ) Allah said; مَا ضَلَّ صَـحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَى ( Your companion has neither gone astray nor has erred. ) This contains the subject of the oath.
This part of the Ayah is the witness that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is sane and a follower of Truth.
He is neither led astray, such as in the case of the ignorant who does not proceed on any path with knowledge, nor is he one who erred, such as in the case of the knowledgeable, who knows the Truth, yet deviates from it intentionally to something else.
Therefore, Allah exonerated His Messenger and his Message from being similar to the misguided ways of the Christians and the erroneous paths of the Jews, such as knowing the Truth and hiding it, while abiding by falsehood.
Rather, he, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him, and his glorious Message that Allah has sent him with, are on the perfect straight path, following guidance and what is correct. Muhammad ﷺ was sent as a Mercy for all that exists; He does not speak of His Desire Allah said, وَمَا يَنطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى ( Nor does he speak of desire ), asserting that nothing the Prophet utters is of his own desire or wish, إِنْ هُوَ إِلاَّ وَحْىٌ يُوحَى ( It is only a revelation revealed. ), means, he only conveys to the people what he was commanded to convey, in its entirety without additions or deletions.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Umamah said that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say,
«لَيَدْخُلَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ بِشَفَاعَةِ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ بِنَبِيَ مِثْلُ الْحَيَّيْنِ أَوْ مِثْلُ أَحَدِ الْحَيَّيْنِ رَبِيعَةَ وَمُضَر»
( Verily, numbers similar to the two tribes, or one of them, Rabi`ah and Mudar, will enter Paradise on account of the intercession of one man, who is not a Prophet. ) A man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Is not Rabi`ah a subtribe of Mudar." The Prophet said,
«إِنَّمَا أَقُولُ مَا أَقُول»
( I said what I said. ) Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr said, "I used to record everything I heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so it would be preserved.
The Quraysh discouraged me from this, saying, `You record everything you hear from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, even though he is human and sometimes speaks when he is angry' I stopped recording the Hadiths for a while, but later mentioned what they said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said,
«اكْتُبْ، فَوَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا خَرَجَ مِنِّي إِلَّا الْحَق»
( Write! By He in Whose Hand is my soul, every word that comes out of me is the Truth. )" Abu Dawud also collected this Hadith.

(53:2) your companion *2 has neither strayed nor is he deluded; *3

Your companion [Muhammad] has not strayed, nor meaning

*2) " Your Companion " implies the Holy Messenger of Allah ( upon whom be peace ) and the addressees are the Quraish.
The word Sahib as used in the original means a friend, a companion, a close associate.
Here, making mention of the Holy Prophet by the word Sahib-u-kum ( yew Companion ) instead of " Our Messenger " is very meaningful.
This is meant to make the people of the Quraish realize: " The person being mentioned is no stranger to you: he is not an outsider whom you may not be knowing or recognizing already.
He is a man of your own clan and tribe; he lives and moves among you; even your children know who and what he is, what is his character, what are his dealings, what are his ways and habits and characteristics, and how he has passed his life among you so far.
If same one of you were to say an improbable thing about him, there would be a thousand men among you who knew him, who could see for themselves whether what was said actually applied to him or not.
"
*3) This is the thing for which an oath has been sworn by the setting star or stars.
" Going astray " means a person's adopting a wrong way being unaware of the right way, and " being deluded " means his adopting the wrong way knowingly and consciously.
The verse means: " Muhammad ( upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings ) is a well-known man among you.
Your accusation that he has gone astray, or is misguided, is utterly wrong.
In fact, he is neither gone astray nor misguided. " Here, the propriety of swearing by the setting stars is that in the darkness of the starry night a person cannot see the things of his surroundings clearly, and from their vague appearances can form wrong judgments about them, e.g..
he may take a tra for a ghost in the dark, a string for a snake, a rock in the sand for a beast of prey.
But when the stars have set and the day has dawned, everything appears before man in its real form and shape, and there remains no doubt whatever about the reality of anything.
The same is the case also of Muhammad ( upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings ) among you.
His life and personality is.
not hidden in darkness, but is manifest like the bright dawn.
You are aware that this " companion of yours " is a right-minded, wise and sagacious man.
How can somebody from among the Quraish have the misunderstanding that he has gone astray? You also know how well-intentioned and honest and righteous person he is.
How can one of you form the view that he has knowingly adopted a crooked way not only for himself but has started inviting others also to the same falsehood?
 

Which was revealed in Makkah The First Surah in which a Prostration is revealed Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said, "Surat An-Najm was the first Surah in which a prostration was revealed.
The Prophet ( recited it in Makkah ) and prostrated.
Those who were with him did the same, except an old man who took a handful of soil and prostrated on it.
Later on, I saw him killed as a disbeliever; he was Umayyah bin Khalaf." Al-Bukhari recorded this Hadith in several places of his Sahih, as did Muslim, Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, using various chains of narration through Abu Ishaq from `Abdullah. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Allah swears the Messenger ﷺ is True and His Words are a Revelation from Him Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ash-Sha`bi and others stated that the Creator swears by whatever He wills among His creation, but the created only vow by the Creator.
Allah said, وَالنَّجْمِ إِذَا هَوَى ( By the star when it goes down. ) Ibn Abi Najih reported that Mujahid said, "The star refers to Pleiades when it sets at Fajr." Ad-Dahhak said "When the Shayatin are shot with it." And this Ayah is like Allah's saying; فَلاَ أُقْسِمُ بِمَوَقِعِ النُّجُومِ - وَإِنَّهُ لَقَسَمٌ لَّوْ تَعْلَمُونَ عَظِيمٌ - إِنَّهُ لَقُرْءَانٌ كَرِيمٌ - فِى كِتَـبٍ مَّكْنُونٍ - لاَّ يَمَسُّهُ إِلاَّ الْمُطَهَّرُونَ - تَنزِيلٌ مِّن رَّبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ ( So, I swear by the setting of the stars.
And verily, that is indeed a great oath, if you but know.
That is indeed an honorable recitation.
In a Book well-guarded.
Which none can touch but the pure.
A revelation from the Lord of all that exists. )( 56:75-80 ) Allah said; مَا ضَلَّ صَـحِبُكُمْ وَمَا غَوَى ( Your companion has neither gone astray nor has erred. ) This contains the subject of the oath.
This part of the Ayah is the witness that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is sane and a follower of Truth.
He is neither led astray, such as in the case of the ignorant who does not proceed on any path with knowledge, nor is he one who erred, such as in the case of the knowledgeable, who knows the Truth, yet deviates from it intentionally to something else.
Therefore, Allah exonerated His Messenger and his Message from being similar to the misguided ways of the Christians and the erroneous paths of the Jews, such as knowing the Truth and hiding it, while abiding by falsehood.
Rather, he, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him, and his glorious Message that Allah has sent him with, are on the perfect straight path, following guidance and what is correct. Muhammad ﷺ was sent as a Mercy for all that exists; He does not speak of His Desire Allah said, وَمَا يَنطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى ( Nor does he speak of desire ), asserting that nothing the Prophet utters is of his own desire or wish, إِنْ هُوَ إِلاَّ وَحْىٌ يُوحَى ( It is only a revelation revealed. ), means, he only conveys to the people what he was commanded to convey, in its entirety without additions or deletions.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Umamah said that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, «لَيَدْخُلَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ بِشَفَاعَةِ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ بِنَبِيَ مِثْلُ الْحَيَّيْنِ أَوْ مِثْلُ أَحَدِ الْحَيَّيْنِ رَبِيعَةَ وَمُضَر» ( Verily, numbers similar to the two tribes, or one of them, Rabi`ah and Mudar, will enter Paradise on account of the intercession of one man, who is not a Prophet. ) A man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Is not Rabi`ah a subtribe of Mudar." The Prophet said, «إِنَّمَا أَقُولُ مَا أَقُول» ( I said what I said. ) Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr said, "I used to record everything I heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so it would be preserved.
The Quraysh discouraged me from this, saying, `You record everything you hear from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, even though he is human and sometimes speaks when he is angry' I stopped recording the Hadiths for a while, but later mentioned what they said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said, «اكْتُبْ، فَوَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا خَرَجَ مِنِّي إِلَّا الْحَق» ( Write! By He in Whose Hand is my soul, every word that comes out of me is the Truth. )" Abu Dawud also collected this Hadith.

( Your comrade erreth not ) this is the reason why Allah made the above oath: your Prophet Muhammad ( pbuh ) did not lie about what he said to you, ( nor is deceived ) he is not wrong nor did he err in what he said;

Your companion (Muhammad SAW) has neither gone astray nor has erred.

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