Surah Al Imran ayat 28 Tafsir Quran 3:28

﴿لَّا يَتَّخِذِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْكَافِرِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۖ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَيْءٍ إِلَّا أَن تَتَّقُوا مِنْهُمْ تُقَاةً ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ ۗ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ﴾
[ آل عمران: 28]

3:28 Let not believers take disbelievers as allies rather than believers. And whoever [of you] does that has nothing with Allah, except when taking precaution against them in prudence. And Allah warns you of Himself, and to Allah is the [final] destination.

Let not the believers take the disbelievers as patrons rather than that is instead of the believers — for whoever does that that is whoever takes them as patrons does not belong to the religion of God in anyway — unless you protect yourselves against them as a safeguard tuqātan ‘as a safeguard’ is the verbal noun from taqiyyatan that is to say unless you fear something in which case you may show patronage to them through words but not in your hearts this was before the hegemony of Islam and the dispensation applies to any individual residing in a land with no say in it. God warns you He instills fear in you of His Self warning that He may be wrathful with you if you take them as patrons; and to God is the journey’s end the return and He will requite you.

Belief is incompatible with Disbelief, therefore let those whose hearts have been touched by the divine hand refrain from favouring those infidels who deny Allah over their companions in religion. He who follows this irreverent course of action, Allah shall renounce, except under compelling circumstances, then exercise caution beforehand to provide against their mischief. Allah cautions you not to come within the measure of His wrath. Allah is the end and purpose for which all are destined

The Prohibition of Supporting the Disbelievers Allah prohibited His believing servants from becoming supporters of the disbelievers, or to take them as comrades with whom they develop friendships, rather than the believers.
Allah warned against such behavior when He said, وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ ( And whoever does that, will never be helped by Allah in any way ) meaning, whoever commits this act that Allah has prohibited, then Allah will discard him.
Similarly, Allah said, يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ عَدُوِّى وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ ( O you who believe! Take not My enemies and your enemies as friends, showing affection towards them ), until, وَمَن يَفْعَلْهُ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَآءَ السَّبِيلِ ( And whosoever of you does that, then indeed he has gone astray from the straight path. ) 60:1.
Allah said, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَتُرِيدُونَ أَن تَجْعَلُواْ للَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ سُلْطَاناً مُّبِيناً ( O you who believe! Take not for friends disbelievers instead of believers.
Do you wish to offer Allah a manifest proof against yourselves ) 4:144, and, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends, they are but friends of each other.
And whoever befriends them, then surely, he is one of them. ) 5:51. Allah said, after mentioning the fact that the faithful believers gave their support to the faithful believers among the Muhajirin, Ansar and Bedouins, وَالَّذينَ كَفَرُواْ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ إِلاَّ تَفْعَلُوهُ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَفَسَادٌ كَبِيرٌ ( And those who disbelieve are allies of one another, (and ) if you do not behave the same, there will be Fitnah and oppression on the earth, and a great mischief and corruption.) 8:73. Allah said next, إِلاَ أَن تَتَّقُواْ مِنْهُمْ تُقَـةً ( unless you indeed fear a danger from them ) meaning, except those believers who in some areas or times fear for their safety from the disbelievers.
In this case, such believers are allowed to show friendship to the disbelievers outwardly, but never inwardly.
For instance, Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Ad-Darda' said, "We smile in the face of some people although our hearts curse them." Al-Bukhari said that Al-Hasan said, "The Tuqyah is allowed until the Day of Resurrection." Allah said, وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ ( And Allah warns you against Himself. ) meaning, He warns you against His anger and the severe torment He prepared for those who give their support to His enemies, and those who have enmity with His friends, وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ ( And to Allah is the final return ) meaning, the return is to Him and He will reward or punish each person according to their deeds.

(3:28) The believers may not take the unbelievers for their allies in preference to those who believe. Whoever does this has nothing to do with Allah unless he does so in order to protect himself from their wrong-doing. *25 Allah warns you to beware of Him for it is to Allah that you will return. *26

Let not believers take disbelievers as allies meaning

*25).
This means that it is lawful for a believer, helpless in the grip of the enemies of Islam and in imminent danger of severe wrong and persecution, to keep his faith concealed and to behave in such a manner as to create the impression that he is on the same side as his enemies.
A person whose Muslim identity is discovered is permitted to adopt a friendly attitude owards the unbelievers in order to save his life.
If he considers himself incapable of enduring the excesses to which he may be subjected, he may even state that he is not a believer.

*26).
One should not be overwhelmed by the fear of other human beings to the extent of losing the fear of God.
Human beings can harm a man but the most they can do is to ruin his transient, earthly life.
God, on the other hand, can subject him to everlasting torment.
If one is constrained in extraordinary circumstances to resort to a prudent concealment of faith ( taqiyah ) in order to save one's life, this concealment should remain within reasonable limits.
The most one is permitted to do is to protect one's life and property without jeopardizing either the interests of Islam or of the Muslim community as a whole, and without causing loss of life and property to other Muslims.
One must never allow saving one's own life to lead to the propagation of unbelief at the expense of Islam and to the dominance of unbelievers over Muslims.
Here the believers are warned that, no matter how dangerous the circumstances surrounding them, they cannot escape God's reproach if they give substantial aid to those rebelling against Him, and cause any harm to God's chosen religion, to the community of believers or to any individual believer.
For, it is to God that one will ultimately return for reckoning.

 

The Prohibition of Supporting the Disbelievers Allah prohibited His believing servants from becoming supporters of the disbelievers, or to take them as comrades with whom they develop friendships, rather than the believers.
Allah warned against such behavior when He said, وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىْءٍ ( And whoever does that, will never be helped by Allah in any way ) meaning, whoever commits this act that Allah has prohibited, then Allah will discard him.
Similarly, Allah said, يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ عَدُوِّى وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَآءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ ( O you who believe! Take not My enemies and your enemies as friends, showing affection towards them ), until, وَمَن يَفْعَلْهُ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَآءَ السَّبِيلِ ( And whosoever of you does that, then indeed he has gone astray from the straight path. ) 60:1.
Allah said, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْكَـفِرِينَ أَوْلِيَآءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَتُرِيدُونَ أَن تَجْعَلُواْ للَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ سُلْطَاناً مُّبِيناً ( O you who believe! Take not for friends disbelievers instead of believers.
Do you wish to offer Allah a manifest proof against yourselves ) 4:144, and, يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ ( O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as friends, they are but friends of each other.
And whoever befriends them, then surely, he is one of them. ) 5:51. Allah said, after mentioning the fact that the faithful believers gave their support to the faithful believers among the Muhajirin, Ansar and Bedouins, وَالَّذينَ كَفَرُواْ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ إِلاَّ تَفْعَلُوهُ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ فِى الاٌّرْضِ وَفَسَادٌ كَبِيرٌ ( And those who disbelieve are allies of one another, (and ) if you do not behave the same, there will be Fitnah and oppression on the earth, and a great mischief and corruption.) 8:73. Allah said next, إِلاَ أَن تَتَّقُواْ مِنْهُمْ تُقَـةً ( unless you indeed fear a danger from them ) meaning, except those believers who in some areas or times fear for their safety from the disbelievers.
In this case, such believers are allowed to show friendship to the disbelievers outwardly, but never inwardly.
For instance, Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Ad-Darda' said, "We smile in the face of some people although our hearts curse them." Al-Bukhari said that Al-Hasan said, "The Tuqyah is allowed until the Day of Resurrection." Allah said, وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ ( And Allah warns you against Himself. ) meaning, He warns you against His anger and the severe torment He prepared for those who give their support to His enemies, and those who have enmity with His friends, وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ ( And to Allah is the final return ) meaning, the return is to Him and He will reward or punish each person according to their deeds.

( Let not the believers take ) the believers ought not to take [ the hypocrites: ] ’Abdullah Ibn Ubayy and his companions [ and ] ( disbelievers ) the Jews ( for their friends ) so as to become mighty and honourable ( in preference to believers ) who are sincere. ( Whoso doeth that ) seeking might and honour [ by taking the hypocrites and disbelievers as friends ] ( hath no connection with Allah ) has no honour, mercy or protection from Allah ( unless (it be ) that ye but guard yourselves against them) save yourselves from them, ( taking (as it were ) security) saving yourselves from them by speaking in a friendly way towards them with, while your hearts dislikes this. ( Allah bideth you beware (only ) of Himself) regarding the shunning of unlawful killing, unlawful sex, unlawful property, consuming intoxicants, false testimony and associating partners with Allah. ( Unto Allah is the journeying ) the return after death.

Let not the believers take the disbelievers as Auliya (supporters, helpers, etc.) instead of the believers, and whoever does that will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from them. And Allah warns you against Himself (His Punishment), and to Allah is the final return.

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