Surah Ad Dukhaan ayat 37 Tafsir Quran 44:37

﴿أَهُمْ خَيْرٌ أَمْ قَوْمُ تُبَّعٍ وَالَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ أَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مُجْرِمِينَ﴾
[ الدخان: 37]

44:37 Are they better or the people of Tubba' and those before them? We destroyed them, [for] indeed, they were criminals.

God exalted be He says Are they better or the people of Tubba‘ — he was a prophet or a righteous man — and those communities before them? We destroyed because of their disbelief. In other words they are not mightier than those and yet they were destroyed; indeed they were criminals.

Are they -the Meccan infidels- the better in wordly conditions than the people of Tobba* and their predecessors? But We did away with them, and reduced them into a useless form; they were evil personified

Refutation of Those Who deny the Resurrection Here Allah denounces the idolators for their denial of the Resurrection and their belief that there is nothing after this life and no life or resurrection after death, which they based on the fact that their forefathers had died and had not returned.
They said, If the resurrection is true, فَأْتُواْ بِـَابَآئِنَا إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ ( Then bring back our forefathers, if you speak the truth! ) This is false evidence and a specious argument, for the resurrection will happen on the Day of Judgement, not in this world; it will happen when this world has ended and ceased to be.
Allah will bring all creatures back, created anew.
He will make the evildoers fuel for the fire of Hell, and on that Day you will be witnesses over mankind and the Messenger will be a witness over you.
Then Allah threatens them and warns them of the irresistible torment other idolators like who denied the resurrection, suffered.
Such as the people of Tubba`, i.e., Saba'.
Allah destroyed them, wreaked havoc upon their land and scattered them here and there throughout the land, as we have already seen in Surah Saba'.
This was brought about because the idolators denied the Resurrection.
Here too, the idolaters are compared to them.
They Tubba` were Arab descendants of Qahtan, just as these people ( Quraysh ) were Arab descendants of `Adnan.
Among the people of Himyar -- who are also known as Saba' -- when a man became their king, they called him Tubba`, just as the title Chosroes was given to the king of Persia, Caesar to the king of the Romans, Fir`awn to the disbelieving ruler of Egypt, Negus to the king of Ethiopia, and so on among other nations.
But it so happened that one of the Tubba` left Yemen and went on a journey of conquest until he reached Samarqand, expanding his kingdom and domain.
He is the one who founded Al-Hirah.
It is agreed that he passed through Al-Madinah during the days of Jahiliyyah.
He fought its inhabitants but they resisted him; they fought him by day and supplied him with food by night, so he felt ashamed before them and refrained from harming them.
He was accompanied by two Jewish rabbis who advised him and told him that he would never prevail over this city, for it would be the place to which a Prophet would migrate towards the end of time.
So he retreated and took them ( the two rabbis ) with him to Yemen.
When he passed by Makkah, he wanted to destroy the Ka`bah, but they told him not to do that either.
They told him about the significance of this House, that it had been built by Ibrahim Al-Khalil, peace be upon him, and that it would become of great importance through that Prophet who would be sent towards the end of time.
So he respected it, performed Tawaf around it, and covered it with a fine cloth.
Then he returned to Yemen and invited its people to follow the religion of guidance along with him.
At that time, the religion of Musa, peace be upon him, was the religion followed by those who were guided, before the coming of the Messiah, peace be upon him.
So the people of Yemen accepted the religion of guidance along with him.
`Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
«مَا أَدْرِي تُبَّعٌ نَبِيًّا كَانَ، أَمْ غَيْرَ نَبِي»
( I do not know whether Tubba` was a Prophet or not. ) It was narrated that Tamim bin `Abdur-Rahman said: " `Ata' bin Abi Rabah said, `Do not revile Tubba`, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade reviling him."' And Allah knows best.

(44:37) Are these better or the people of Tubba *32 and those who went before them? We destroyed them for they were a criminal people. *33

Are they better or the people of meaning

*32) Tubba was the title of the kings of the Himyarites, like the titles of Khosroes, Caesar, Pharaoh etc.
which have been associated with the kings of different countries.
They were a branch of the Sabaeans, who attained domination over Saba in 115 B.C.
and puled it till 300 A.D.
They have been a well known people of Arabia for centuries.
( For details, see E.N.
37 of Surah Saba ).

*33) This is the first answer to the disbelievers' objection; it means: No individual group or nation which denies the Hereafter can help becoming criminal.
Perversion of the morals is its inevitable result, and human history bears evidence that whichever nation adopted this view of life ultimately perished.
As for the question: Are they better or the people of Tubba' or the people before them? ii means this: The disbelievers of Makkah have not been able to attain to the prosperity and splendour that became the lot of the people of Tubba' and of the people of Saba and of the people of Pharaoh and others before them.
But this material prosperity and worldly splendour could not save them from the consequences of their moral degeneration.
How will then the chiefs of the Quraish be saved from destruction on the strength of their puny resources and wealth? ( For details, see E.N.'s 25 to 36 of Surah Saba ).

 

Refutation of Those Who deny the Resurrection Here Allah denounces the idolators for their denial of the Resurrection and their belief that there is nothing after this life and no life or resurrection after death, which they based on the fact that their forefathers had died and had not returned.
They said, If the resurrection is true, فَأْتُواْ بِـَابَآئِنَا إِن كُنتُمْ صَـدِقِينَ ( Then bring back our forefathers, if you speak the truth! ) This is false evidence and a specious argument, for the resurrection will happen on the Day of Judgement, not in this world; it will happen when this world has ended and ceased to be.
Allah will bring all creatures back, created anew.
He will make the evildoers fuel for the fire of Hell, and on that Day you will be witnesses over mankind and the Messenger will be a witness over you.
Then Allah threatens them and warns them of the irresistible torment other idolators like who denied the resurrection, suffered.
Such as the people of Tubba`, i.e., Saba'.
Allah destroyed them, wreaked havoc upon their land and scattered them here and there throughout the land, as we have already seen in Surah Saba'.
This was brought about because the idolators denied the Resurrection.
Here too, the idolaters are compared to them.
They Tubba` were Arab descendants of Qahtan, just as these people ( Quraysh ) were Arab descendants of `Adnan.
Among the people of Himyar -- who are also known as Saba' -- when a man became their king, they called him Tubba`, just as the title Chosroes was given to the king of Persia, Caesar to the king of the Romans, Fir`awn to the disbelieving ruler of Egypt, Negus to the king of Ethiopia, and so on among other nations.
But it so happened that one of the Tubba` left Yemen and went on a journey of conquest until he reached Samarqand, expanding his kingdom and domain.
He is the one who founded Al-Hirah.
It is agreed that he passed through Al-Madinah during the days of Jahiliyyah.
He fought its inhabitants but they resisted him; they fought him by day and supplied him with food by night, so he felt ashamed before them and refrained from harming them.
He was accompanied by two Jewish rabbis who advised him and told him that he would never prevail over this city, for it would be the place to which a Prophet would migrate towards the end of time.
So he retreated and took them ( the two rabbis ) with him to Yemen.
When he passed by Makkah, he wanted to destroy the Ka`bah, but they told him not to do that either.
They told him about the significance of this House, that it had been built by Ibrahim Al-Khalil, peace be upon him, and that it would become of great importance through that Prophet who would be sent towards the end of time.
So he respected it, performed Tawaf around it, and covered it with a fine cloth.
Then he returned to Yemen and invited its people to follow the religion of guidance along with him.
At that time, the religion of Musa, peace be upon him, was the religion followed by those who were guided, before the coming of the Messiah, peace be upon him.
So the people of Yemen accepted the religion of guidance along with him.
`Abdur-Razzaq recorded that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «مَا أَدْرِي تُبَّعٌ نَبِيًّا كَانَ، أَمْ غَيْرَ نَبِي» ( I do not know whether Tubba` was a Prophet or not. ) It was narrated that Tamim bin `Abdur-Rahman said: " `Ata' bin Abi Rabah said, `Do not revile Tubba`, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade reviling him."' And Allah knows best.

Allah said ( Are they better ) are your people better, ( or the folk of Tubba’ ) or the people of Himyar, whose name was As’ad Ibn Malkikarb and his agnomen was Abu Karb, he was called Tubba’ because he had a great number of followers ( and those before them ) before the people of Tubba’? ( We destroyed them, for surely they were guilty ) they were idolaters. Would your people not fear that We destroy them and punish them?

Are they better or the people of Tubba' and those before them? We destroyed them because they were indeed Mujrimun (disbelievers, polytheists, sinners, criminals, etc.).

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