Surah Tawbah ayat 47 Tafsir Quran 9:47

﴿لَوْ خَرَجُوا فِيكُم مَّا زَادُوكُمْ إِلَّا خَبَالًا وَلَأَوْضَعُوا خِلَالَكُمْ يَبْغُونَكُمُ الْفِتْنَةَ وَفِيكُمْ سَمَّاعُونَ لَهُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ﴾
[ التوبة: 47]

9:47 Had they gone forth with you, they would not have increased you except in confusion, and they would have been active among you, seeking [to cause] you fitnah. And among you are avid listeners to them. And Allah is Knowing of the wrongdoers.

Had they gone forth among you they would only have caused you more trouble more corruption by abandoning the believers and would have hurried to and fro among you that is they would have hastened to spread slander among you seeking desiring to stir up sedition by casting enmity between you; and among you there are some who would listen to them to what they say listening in readiness to accept it; and God knows the evildoers.

Had they joined you in battle, they would have caused discord and hastened to sow dissension, slander and thoughts of sedition among you, And among you are attentive hearers who bow down their ears to them. Allah is Alimun of all the wrongful of actions

Exposing Hypocrites Allah said, وَلَوْ أَرَادُواْ الْخُرُوجَ ( And if they had intended to march out, ), with you to participate in Jihad لأَعَدُّواْ لَهُ عُدَّةً ( certainly, they would have made some preparation for it ) they would have prepared for such task, وَلَـكِن كَرِهَ اللَّهُ انبِعَاثَهُمْ ( but Allah was averse to their being sent forth ) Allah hated that they should go with you, فَثَبَّطَهُمْ (so He made them lag behind, and stay away from Jihad, وَقِيلَ اقْعُدُواْ مَعَ الْقَـعِدِينَ ( and it was said (to them ): "Sit you among those who sit ( at home )") as a part of what was decreed for them not that He legislated that they stay behind.
Allah then explained why He disliked that they march with the believers, saying, لَوْ خَرَجُواْ فِيكُم مَّا زَادُوكُمْ إِلاَّ خَبَالاً ( Had they marched out with you, they would have added to you nothing except disorder ), because they are cowards and failures, ولاّوْضَعُواْ خِلَـلَكُمْ يَبْغُونَكُمُ الْفِتْنَةَ ( and they would have hurried about in your midst sowing sedition among you ) They would have rushed to spread false stories, hatred and discord among you, وَفِيكُمْ سَمَّـعُونَ لَهُمْ ( and there are some among you who would have listened to them. ) who would have obeyed them, given preference to their speech and words and asked them for advice, unaware of the true reality of these hypocrites.
This might have caused corruption and great evil between the believers.
Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "Those who sought permission ( from the Messenger to lag behind ) included some of the chiefs, such as `Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul and Al-Jadd bin Qays, who were masters of their people.
Allah also made them lag behind because He knew that if they went along with the Messenger ﷺ they would sow sedition in his army." There were some in the Prophet's army who liked these chiefs and were ready to obey them, because they considered them honorable, وَفِيكُمْ سَمَّـعُونَ لَهُمْ ( and there are some among you who would have listened to them ) 9:47.
Allah next reminds of His perfect knowledge, saying, وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّـلِمينَ ( And Allah is the All-Knower of the wrongdoers. ) Allah says that He knows what occurred, what will occur and if anything would have occurred, how it would occur, such as, لَوْ خَرَجُواْ فِيكُم مَّا زَادُوكُمْ إِلاَّ خَبَالاً ( Had they marched out with you, they would have added to you nothing except disorder, ) indicating what they would have done had they marched, even though they did not.
Allah said in similar Ayat, وَلَوْ رُدُّواْ لَعَـدُواْ لِمَا نُهُواْ عَنْهُ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ ( But if they were returned (to the world ), they would certainly revert to that which they were forbidden.
And indeed they are liars.) 6:28, وَلَوْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا لأَسْمَعَهُمْ وَلَوْ أَسْمَعَهُمْ لَتَوَلَّواْ وَّهُم مُّعْرِضُونَ ( Had Allah known of any good in them, He would indeed have made them listen; and even if He had made them listen, they would but have turned away with aversion (to the truth )) 8:23, and, وَلَوْ أَنَّا كَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَنِ اقْتُلُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ أَوِ اخْرُجُواْ مِن دِيَـرِكُمْ مَّا فَعَلُوهُ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ مِّنْهُمْ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ فَعَلُواْ مَا يُوعَظُونَ بِهِ لَكَانَ خَيْراً لَّهُمْ وَأَشَدَّ تَثْبِيتاً - وَإِذاً لاّتَيْنَـهُمْ مِّن لَّدُنَّـآ أَجْراً عَظِيماً - وَلَهَدَيْنَـهُمْ صِرَطاً مُّسْتَقِيماً ( And if We had ordered them (saying ), "Kill yourselves ( the innocent ones kill the guilty ones ) or leave your homes," very few of them would have done it; but if they had done what they were told, it would have been better for them, and would have strengthened their conviction.
And indeed We would then have bestowed upon them a great reward from Ourselves.
And indeed We would have guided them to the straight way) 4:66-68.

Exposing Hypocrites Allah said, وَلَوْ أَرَادُواْ الْخُرُوجَ ( And if they had intended to march out, ), with you to participate in Jihad لأَعَدُّواْ لَهُ عُدَّةً ( certainly, they would have made some preparation for it ) they would have prepared for such task, وَلَـكِن كَرِهَ اللَّهُ انبِعَاثَهُمْ ( but Allah was averse to their being sent forth ) Allah hated that they should go with you, فَثَبَّطَهُمْ (so He made them lag behind, and stay away from Jihad, وَقِيلَ اقْعُدُواْ مَعَ الْقَـعِدِينَ ( and it was said (to them ): "Sit you among those who sit ( at home )") as a part of what was decreed for them not that He legislated that they stay behind.
Allah then explained why He disliked that they march with the believers, saying, لَوْ خَرَجُواْ فِيكُم مَّا زَادُوكُمْ إِلاَّ خَبَالاً ( Had they marched out with you, they would have added to you nothing except disorder ), because they are cowards and failures, ولاّوْضَعُواْ خِلَـلَكُمْ يَبْغُونَكُمُ الْفِتْنَةَ ( and they would have hurried about in your midst sowing sedition among you ) They would have rushed to spread false stories, hatred and discord among you, وَفِيكُمْ سَمَّـعُونَ لَهُمْ ( and there are some among you who would have listened to them. ) who would have obeyed them, given preference to their speech and words and asked them for advice, unaware of the true reality of these hypocrites.
This might have caused corruption and great evil between the believers.
Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "Those who sought permission ( from the Messenger to lag behind ) included some of the chiefs, such as `Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul and Al-Jadd bin Qays, who were masters of their people.
Allah also made them lag behind because He knew that if they went along with the Messenger ﷺ they would sow sedition in his army." There were some in the Prophet's army who liked these chiefs and were ready to obey them, because they considered them honorable, وَفِيكُمْ سَمَّـعُونَ لَهُمْ ( and there are some among you who would have listened to them ) 9:47.
Allah next reminds of His perfect knowledge, saying, وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّـلِمينَ ( And Allah is the All-Knower of the wrongdoers. ) Allah says that He knows what occurred, what will occur and if anything would have occurred, how it would occur, such as, لَوْ خَرَجُواْ فِيكُم مَّا زَادُوكُمْ إِلاَّ خَبَالاً ( Had they marched out with you, they would have added to you nothing except disorder, ) indicating what they would have done had they marched, even though they did not.
Allah said in similar Ayat, وَلَوْ رُدُّواْ لَعَـدُواْ لِمَا نُهُواْ عَنْهُ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَـذِبُونَ ( But if they were returned (to the world ), they would certainly revert to that which they were forbidden.
And indeed they are liars.) 6:28, وَلَوْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا لأَسْمَعَهُمْ وَلَوْ أَسْمَعَهُمْ لَتَوَلَّواْ وَّهُم مُّعْرِضُونَ ( Had Allah known of any good in them, He would indeed have made them listen; and even if He had made them listen, they would but have turned away with aversion (to the truth )) 8:23, and, وَلَوْ أَنَّا كَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَنِ اقْتُلُواْ أَنفُسَكُمْ أَوِ اخْرُجُواْ مِن دِيَـرِكُمْ مَّا فَعَلُوهُ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ مِّنْهُمْ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ فَعَلُواْ مَا يُوعَظُونَ بِهِ لَكَانَ خَيْراً لَّهُمْ وَأَشَدَّ تَثْبِيتاً - وَإِذاً لاّتَيْنَـهُمْ مِّن لَّدُنَّـآ أَجْراً عَظِيماً - وَلَهَدَيْنَـهُمْ صِرَطاً مُّسْتَقِيماً ( And if We had ordered them (saying ), "Kill yourselves ( the innocent ones kill the guilty ones ) or leave your homes," very few of them would have done it; but if they had done what they were told, it would have been better for them, and would have strengthened their conviction.
And indeed We would then have bestowed upon them a great reward from Ourselves.
And indeed We would have guided them to the straight way) 4:66-68.

( Had they gone forth among you ) with you ( they had added to you naught save trouble ) evil and corruption ( and had hurried to and fro among you ) they would have marched riding their camels in the middle of you, ( seeking to cause sedition among you ) seeking to cause evil, corruption, humiliation and damage; ( and among you there are some who would have listened to them ) among you there are spies for the disbelievers. ( Allah is Aware of evil-doers ) i.e. the hypocrites: ’Abdullah Ibn Ubayy and his hosts.

Had they marched out with you, they would have added to you nothing except disorder, and they would have hurried about in your midst (spreading corruption) and sowing sedition among you, and there are some among you who would have listened to them. And Allah is the All-Knower of the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers, etc.).

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