Ma yafAAalu Allahu biAAathabikum in shakartum waamantum wakana Allahu shakiran AAaleema (surah Nisa: 147)

Tafseer Tafheem-ul-Quran by Syed Abu-al-A'la Maududi

(4:147) Why should Allah deal chastisement to you if you are grateful *175 to Him and believe? Allah is All-Appreciative, *176 All-Knowing.

maa yafa`lul laahu bi `azaabikum in shakartum wa aamantum; wa kaanal laahu Shaakiran `Aleema

*175). Shukr denotes an acknowledgement of benefaction and a feeling of gratitude. This verse states if a person does not behave ungratefully towards God then there is no reason why God should punish him.
The attitude of gratefulness to God consists of acknowledging His benefaction in one's heart, in confessing it in one's speech and by manifesting it in one's deeds. It is the sum-total of these which is termed shukr. This attitude requires:
(1) that a person should ascribe the benefaction to its real source, letting no one share in either the gratitude or the acknowledgement of benevolence;
(2) that his heart should be overflowing with love for, and loyalty to, the Benefactor, and that he should have no attachment to His opponents;
(3) that he should obey the Benefactor and should not use His bounties contrary to His directives.
*176).The word used here is shakir which we have translated as 'All-Appreciative'. In the context of the God-man relationship, when the word shukr is used in respect of God, it denotes 'appreciation of services'. When it is used in respect of man, it denotes his acknowledgement of God's benefaction and his sense of gratitude to Him. To say that God 'thanks' His creatures stresses that God is fully appreciative of the services which His servants have rendered and will recompense them liberally. This contrasts sharply with the attitude of human beings, who are generally slow and uncharitable in appreciating the services rendered to them, and quick and severe in censuring people for their omissions. As for God, He is lenient and prone to overlook man's omissions. On the contrary, He rewards man manifold for his good deeds.