Surah Luqman ayat 13 Tafsir Quran 31:13

﴿وَإِذْ قَالَ لُقْمَانُ لِابْنِهِ وَهُوَ يَعِظُهُ يَا بُنَيَّ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ﴾
[ لقمان: 13]

31:13 And [mention, O Muhammad], when Luqman said to his son while he was instructing him, "O my son, do not associate [anything] with Allah. Indeed, association [with him] is great injustice."

And mention when Luqmān said to his son when he was admonishing him ‘O my son yā bunayya is an affectionate diminutive of yā ibnī do not ascribe partners to God idolatry is truly a tremendous wrong’ so return to him in repentance and submit to Him.

In exhorting his son Loqman said: O my son, never Incorporate with Allah other deities, for polytheism is a grave offense and an unforgivable sin indeed

Luqman's Advice to His Son Allah tells us how Luqman advised his son.
His full name was Luqman bin `Anqa' bin Sadun, and his son's name was Tharan, according to a saying quoted by As-Suhayli.
Allah describes him in the best terms, and states that he granted him wisdom.
Luqman advised his son, the closest and most beloved of all people to him, who deserved to be given the best of his knowledge.
So, Luqman started by advising him to worship Allah Alone, and not to associate anything with Him.
Then he warned him: إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ ( Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong ) indeed.) meaning, it is the greatest wrong.
Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah said: "When the Ayah الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُواْ إِيمَـنَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ ( It is those who believe and confuse not their belief with Zulm )( 6:82 ) was revealed, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ were distressed by this, and said, `Who among us does not confuse his belief with Zulm' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِذَاكَ، أَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَى قَوْلِ لُقْمَانَ: يَبُنَىَّ لاَ تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ» ( That is not what it means.
Have you not heard what Luqman said: (O my son! Join not in worship others with Allah.
Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong ) indeed))" It was recorded by Muslim.
When Luqman advised his son to worship Allah Alone, he also told him to honor his parents.
This is like the Ayah, وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ إِلاَّ إِيَّـهُ وَبِالْوَلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَـناً ( And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him.
And that you be dutiful to your parents ) ( 17:23 ).
These two things are often mentioned together in the Qur'an.
Allah says here: وَوَصَّيْنَا الإِنْسَـنَ بِوَلِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْناً عَلَى وَهْنٍ ( And We have enjoined on man (to be dutiful and good ) to his parents.
His mother bore him in weakness and hardship upon weakness and hardship,) Mujahid said: "The hardship of bearing the child." Qatadah said: "Exhaustion upon exhaustion." `Ata' Al-Khurasani said: "Weakness upon weakness." وَفِصَالُهُ فِى عَامَيْنِ ( and his weaning is in two years ) means, after he is born, he is breastfed and weaned within two years.
This is like the Ayah, وَالْوَلِدَتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَـدَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ ( The mothers shall give suck to their children for two whole years, for those who desire to complete the term of suckling )( 2:233 ).
On this basis, Ibn `Abbas and other Imams understood that the shortest possible period of pregnancy was six months, because Allah says elsewhere: وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَـلُهُ ثَلاَثُونَ شَهْراً ( and the bearing of him, and the weaning of him is thirty months ) ( 46:15 ).
Allah mentions how the mother brings the child up, and how she gets tired and suffers stress from staying up with the child night and day, to remind the son of her previous kind treatment of him.
This is like the Ayah, وَقُل رَّبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِى صَغِيرًا ( and say: "My Lord! Bestow on them Your mercy as they did bring me up when I was young." ) ( 17:24 ).
Allah says here: أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِى وَلِوَلِدَيْكَ إِلَىَّ الْمَصِيرُ ( give thanks to Me and to your parents.
Unto Me is the final destination. ) means, `I will reward you most generously for that.' وَإِن جَـهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَن تُشْرِكَ بِى مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلاَ تُطِعْهُمَا ( But if they strive with you to make you join in worship with Me others that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not; ) means, if they try hard to make you follow them in their religion, then do not accept that from them, but do not let that stop you from behaving with them in the world kindly, i.e.
treating them with respect. وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَىَّ ( and follow the path of him who turns to Me in repentance and in obedience. ) means, the believers. ثُمَّ إِلَىَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ ( Then to Me will be your return, and I shall tell you what you used to do. ) At-Tabarani recorded in Al-`Ishrah that Sa`d bin Malik said, "This Ayah, وَإِن جَـهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَن تُشْرِكَ بِى مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلاَ تُطِعْهُمَا ( But if they strive with you to make you join in worship with Me others that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not; ) was revealed concerning me.
I was a man who honored his mother, but when I became Muslim, she said: `O Sa`d! What is this new thing I see you doing Leave this religion of yours, or I will not eat or drink until I die, and people will say: Shame on you, for what you have done to me, and they will say that you have killed your mother.' I said, `Do not do that, O mother, for I will not give up this religion of mine for anything.' She stayed without eating for one day and one night, and she became exhausted; then she stayed for another day and night without eating, and she became utterly exhausted.
When I saw that, I said: `O my mother, by Allah, even if you had one hundred souls and they were to depart one by one, I would not give up this religion of mine for anything, so if you want to, eat, and if you want to, do not eat.' So she ate."

(31:13) And call to mind when Luqman said to his son while exhorting him: 'My son, do not associate others with Allah in His Divinity. *20 Surely, associating others with Allah in His Divinity is a mighty wrong.' *21

And [mention, O Muhammad], when Luqman said meaning

*20) This particular admonition from the wisdom of Luqman has been cited here for two reasons: ( 1 ) He gave this admonition to his son, and obviously, no one can be insincere to one's own children.
A person may deceive others, may behave hypocritically towards them, but no one, not even a most depraved person, will try to deceive and defraud his own children.
Therefore, Luqman's admonishing his son thus is a clear proof of the fact that in his sight shirk was indeed the most heinous sin, and for that very reason he first admonished his dear son to refrain from this iniquity.
( 2 ) The second reason for this narration is that many parents from among the disbelievers of Makkah were compelling their children to turn away from the message of Tauhid being preached by the Holy Prophet Muhammad ( upon whom be Allah's peace ) and remain steadfast on the creed of shirk, as is being stated in the following verses.
Therefore, those foolish people are being told, as if to say, The well-known sage of your own land had wished his children well by admonishing thetas to avoid shirk, now you should judge it for yourself whether you arc wishing your children well or ill when you compel them to follow the same creed of shirk."
*21) Zulm means to deprive someone of his right and to act unjustly.
Shirk is a grave iniquity because man sets up such beings as equals with his Creator and Providence and Benefactor as have no share whatever in creating him, nor in providing for him, nor in bestowing the blessings on him, which he is enjoying in the world.
There could be no greater injustice than this.
The Creator's right on man is that he should worship Him alone, but he worships others and so deprives Him of His right.
Then, in whatever he does in connection with the worship of others than Allah, he exploits many things, from his own mind and body to the earth and heavens, whereas, all these things have been created by Allah, the One.
and man has no right to use any of them in the worship of any other than Allah Then, the right of man's own self on him is that he should not debase and involve it in punishment.
But when he worships others than his Creator.
he debases his self as well as makes it deserving of the punishment.
Thus, the entire life of a mushrik becomes Zulm in every aspect and at all times and his every breath becomes an expression of injustice and iniquity.

 

Luqman's Advice to His Son Allah tells us how Luqman advised his son.
His full name was Luqman bin `Anqa' bin Sadun, and his son's name was Tharan, according to a saying quoted by As-Suhayli.
Allah describes him in the best terms, and states that he granted him wisdom.
Luqman advised his son, the closest and most beloved of all people to him, who deserved to be given the best of his knowledge.
So, Luqman started by advising him to worship Allah Alone, and not to associate anything with Him.
Then he warned him: إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ ( Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong ) indeed.) meaning, it is the greatest wrong.
Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdullah said: "When the Ayah الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُواْ إِيمَـنَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ ( It is those who believe and confuse not their belief with Zulm )( 6:82 ) was revealed, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ were distressed by this, and said, `Who among us does not confuse his belief with Zulm' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِذَاكَ، أَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَى قَوْلِ لُقْمَانَ: يَبُنَىَّ لاَ تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ» ( That is not what it means.
Have you not heard what Luqman said: (O my son! Join not in worship others with Allah.
Verily, joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong ) indeed))" It was recorded by Muslim.
When Luqman advised his son to worship Allah Alone, he also told him to honor his parents.
This is like the Ayah, وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ إِلاَّ إِيَّـهُ وَبِالْوَلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَـناً ( And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him.
And that you be dutiful to your parents ) ( 17:23 ).
These two things are often mentioned together in the Qur'an.
Allah says here: وَوَصَّيْنَا الإِنْسَـنَ بِوَلِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْناً عَلَى وَهْنٍ ( And We have enjoined on man (to be dutiful and good ) to his parents.
His mother bore him in weakness and hardship upon weakness and hardship,) Mujahid said: "The hardship of bearing the child." Qatadah said: "Exhaustion upon exhaustion." `Ata' Al-Khurasani said: "Weakness upon weakness." وَفِصَالُهُ فِى عَامَيْنِ ( and his weaning is in two years ) means, after he is born, he is breastfed and weaned within two years.
This is like the Ayah, وَالْوَلِدَتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَـدَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ ( The mothers shall give suck to their children for two whole years, for those who desire to complete the term of suckling )( 2:233 ).
On this basis, Ibn `Abbas and other Imams understood that the shortest possible period of pregnancy was six months, because Allah says elsewhere: وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَـلُهُ ثَلاَثُونَ شَهْراً ( and the bearing of him, and the weaning of him is thirty months ) ( 46:15 ).
Allah mentions how the mother brings the child up, and how she gets tired and suffers stress from staying up with the child night and day, to remind the son of her previous kind treatment of him.
This is like the Ayah, وَقُل رَّبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِى صَغِيرًا ( and say: "My Lord! Bestow on them Your mercy as they did bring me up when I was young." ) ( 17:24 ).
Allah says here: أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِى وَلِوَلِدَيْكَ إِلَىَّ الْمَصِيرُ ( give thanks to Me and to your parents.
Unto Me is the final destination. ) means, `I will reward you most generously for that.' وَإِن جَـهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَن تُشْرِكَ بِى مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلاَ تُطِعْهُمَا ( But if they strive with you to make you join in worship with Me others that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not; ) means, if they try hard to make you follow them in their religion, then do not accept that from them, but do not let that stop you from behaving with them in the world kindly, i.e.
treating them with respect. وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَىَّ ( and follow the path of him who turns to Me in repentance and in obedience. ) means, the believers. ثُمَّ إِلَىَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ ( Then to Me will be your return, and I shall tell you what you used to do. ) At-Tabarani recorded in Al-`Ishrah that Sa`d bin Malik said, "This Ayah, وَإِن جَـهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَن تُشْرِكَ بِى مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلاَ تُطِعْهُمَا ( But if they strive with you to make you join in worship with Me others that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not; ) was revealed concerning me.
I was a man who honored his mother, but when I became Muslim, she said: `O Sa`d! What is this new thing I see you doing Leave this religion of yours, or I will not eat or drink until I die, and people will say: Shame on you, for what you have done to me, and they will say that you have killed your mother.' I said, `Do not do that, O mother, for I will not give up this religion of mine for anything.' She stayed without eating for one day and one night, and she became exhausted; then she stayed for another day and night without eating, and she became utterly exhausted.
When I saw that, I said: `O my mother, by Allah, even if you had one hundred souls and they were to depart one by one, I would not give up this religion of mine for anything, so if you want to, eat, and if you want to, do not eat.' So she ate."

( And (remember ) when Luqman said unto his son) Salam, ( when he was exhorting him ) when he was enjoining him to do good and forbidding him to engage in evil: ( O my dear son! Ascribe no partners unto Allah. Lo! to ascribe partners (unto Him ) is a tremendous wrong) it is a great sin which is punished by Allah.

And (remember) when Luqman said to his son when he was advising him: "O my son! Join not in worship others with Allah. Verily! Joining others in worship with Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed.

Page 412 English transliteration