[David] said, "He has certainly wronged you in demanding your ewe [in (38:24)

Almuntakhab Fi Tafsir Alquran Alkarim

And there said Dawud in his judicial decision. He, your brother has wronged you indeed by asking you to add your ewe to his ewes and sure enough some of the business partners, and they are many, do wrong their associates except those in whose hearts reigns habitual reverence and obedience to Allah and their deeds reflect wisdom and piety and how few they are. There and then it occurred to Dawud that We had tried him and He invoked Allah, his Creators for forgiveness and fell down with comely prostration of his body expressing repentance. He had listened to the claimant and neglected the defendant

Tafseer Tafheem-ul-Quran by Syed Abu-al-A'la Maududi

(38:24) David said: 'He has certainly wronged you in seeking to add your ewe to his ewes; *25 and indeed many who live together commit excesses, one to the other, except those that believe and act righteously; and they are but few.' (While so saying) David realized that it is We Who have put him to test; therefore, he sought the forgiveness of his Lord, and fell down, bowing and penitently turning (to Him). *26

[David] said, "He has certainly wronged you in demanding your ewe [in meaning

*25) Here, one should not doubt that the Prophet David gave his decision after hearing only what one party had to say. The fact of the matter, is that when the respondent kept quiet at the complaint of the complainant and said nothing in defence it by itself amounted to a confession by him. That is why the Prophet David came to the conclusion that the facts of the case were the same as the complainant had stated.
*26) There is a difference of opinion as to whether it is obligatory to perform a sajdah (prostration) on this occasion or not. Imam Shafe'i says that it is not obligatory, for this is only a Prophet' tepentance; but Imam Abu Hanifah has opined that prostration here is obligatory. The traditionists have related three traditions from lbn- 'Abbas in this regard. According to 'Ikrimah, Ibn 'Abbas said: "this is not one of those verses on the recitation of which prostration is obligatory, but I have seen the Holy Prophet prostrating himself on this occasion. "(Bukhari, Abu Da'ud, Tirmidhi, NASa'I, Musnad Ahmad). The second tradition which Said bin Jubair has related froth Ibn 'Abbas is to the effect: 'The Holy Prophet prostrated himself in Surah Suad and said: 'The Prophet David (on whom be peace) had prostrated himself in order to express his repentance and we prostrate ourselves as a token of gratitude, because his repentance was accepted. (Nasa'i) In the third tradition that Mujahid has related from him, he says: "Allah has commanded the Holy Prophet, in the Qur'an: "These were the ones whom Allah had shown the Right Way: therefore, you should follow their way'." (AI-An'am: 90). Now, since David was a Prophet and he had prostrated himself on this occasion, the Holy Prophet also prostrated himself here only to follow his way. (Bukhari). These three arc the statements of Hadrat Ibn 'Abbas: and Hadrat Abu Sa' id Khudri says: "The Holy Prophet once recited Surah Suad in his address, and when he came to this verse, he descended from the pulpit and performed a prostration and the audience also did the same along with him. Then, on another occasion, he recited this same Surah and when the people heard this verse, they were ready to perform the prostration. The Holy Prophet said 'This is the repentance of a Prophet, but I see that you have got ready to perform the prostration' --Saying this he descended from the pulpit and prostrated himself and the people also did the same." (Abu Da'ud). Although these traditions do not provide any absolute argument to prove that it is obligatory to perform the prostration here, yet they prove at least that because the Holy Prophet generally performed a prostration on this occasion, it is in any case commendable to prostrate here.
Another thing that one notices in this verse is that Allah has used the words kharra raki'an (fell in ruku') here, but All the commentators arc agreed that this implies kharra sajid-an (fell in sajdah: prostration). On this very basis, Imam Abu Hanifah and his companions have expressed the opinion that one may perform only a ruku' instead of a sajdah, when one recites or hears being recited a verse requiring a sajdah in the Prayer or outside it. For when AIlah has used the word ruku' to imply sajdah, it becomes obvious that ruku' can represent sajdah. Imam Khattabi, a Shafe'ite jurist, also holds the same opinion, Though this opinion in itself is sound and reasonable, we do not find any precedent in the practices of the Holy Prophet and his Companions that they might have been content with performing a ruku' only instead of a sajdah on a verse requiring a sajdah. Therefore, one should act upon the view only when there is an obstruction in performing the sajdah; it would be wrong to make it a practice, Imam Abu Hanifah and his companions themselves also did not intend that it should be made a practice; they only ruled that it was permissible.
 

[David] said, "He has certainly wronged you in demanding your ewe [in meaning in Urdu

داؤدؑ نے جواب دیا: "اِس شخص نے اپنی دنبیوں کے ساتھ تیری دنبی ملا لینے کا مطالبہ کر کے یقیناً تجھ پر ظلم کیا، اور واقعہ یہ ہے کہ مل جل کر ساتھ رہنے والے لوگ اکثر ایک دوسرے پر زیادتیاں کرتے رہتے ہیں، بس وہی لوگ اس سے بچے ہوئے ہیں جو ایمان رکھتے اور عمل صالح کرتے ہیں، اور ایسے لوگ کم ہی ہیں" (یہ بات کہتے کہتے) داؤدؑ سمجھ گیا کہ یہ تو ہم نے دراصل اس کی آزمائش کی ہے، چنانچہ اس نے اپنے رب سے معافی مانگی اور سجدے میں گر گیا اور رجوع کر لیا