Surah Maidah ayat 17 Tafsir Quran 5:17

﴿لَّقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ ۚ قُلْ فَمَن يَمْلِكُ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا إِنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُهْلِكَ الْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَأُمَّهُ وَمَن فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا ۗ وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ۚ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾
[ المائدة: 17]

5:17 They have certainly disbelieved who say that Allah is Christ, the son of Mary. Say, "Then who could prevent Allah at all if He had intended to destroy Christ, the son of Mary, or his mother or everyone on the earth?" And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them. He creates what He wills, and Allah is over all things competent.

They indeed are disbelievers those who say ‘God is the Messiah son of Mary’ insofar as they make him Jesus a god and these were the Jacobites a Christian sect. Say ‘Who then can do anything who then can defend against the chastisement of God if He desires to destroy the Messiah son of Mary and his mother and all those who are on earth?’ that is to say none can do anything of the sort since if Jesus were a god he would be able to do so. And to God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them. He creates what He will. God has power over everything which He wills.

Infidels indeed are those who declare: Allah is the Messiah, ‘Isa, the son of Maryam. Say to them O Muhammad Who then can restrain Allah if He willed to do away with the Messiah, ‘Isa, the son of Maryam, his mother and all those domiciled on earth! To Allah, alone, belong all that is in the heavens and on earth and all in between; He brings into being whatever He will; He is indeed Qadirun (Omnipotent) to effect all things

The Polytheism and Disbelief of the Christians Allah states that the Christians are disbelievers because of their claim that `Isa, son of Maryam, one of Allah's servants and creatures, is Allah.
Allah is holier than what they attribute to Him.
Allah then reminds them of His perfect ability over everything and that everything is under His complete control and power, قُلْ فَمَن يَمْلِكُ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً إِنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُهْلِكَ الْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَأُمَّهُ وَمَن فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعاً ( Say: "Who then has the least power against Allah, if He were to destroy the Messiah, son of Maryam, his mother, and all those who are on the earth together" ) Therefore, if Allah wills to do that, who would be able to stop Him or prevent Him from doing it Allah then said, وَللَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَآءُ ( And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them.
He creates what He wills. ) All things in existence are Allah's property and creation and He is able to do everything.
He is never asked about what He does with His power, domain, justice and greatness so this refutes the Christian creed, may Allah's continued curses be upon them until the Day of Resurrection. Refuting the People of the Book's Claim that they are Allah's Children Allah then refutes the Christians' and Jews' false claims and lies, وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَـرَى نَحْنُ أَبْنَاءُ اللَّهِ وَأَحِبَّاؤُهُ ( And the Jews and the Christians say, "We are the children of Allah and His loved ones." ) They claim: "We are the followers of Allah's Prophets, who are His children, whom He takes care of.
He also loves us." The People of the Book claim in their Book that Allah said to His servant Isra'il, "You are my firstborn." But they explained this statement in an improper manner and altered its meaning.
Some of the People of the Book who later became Muslims refuted this false statement saying, "This statement only indicates honor and respect, as is common in their speech at that time." The Christians claim that `Isa said to them, "I will go back to my father and your father," meaning, my Lord and your Lord.
It is a fact that the Christians did not claim that they too are Allah's sons as they claimed about `Isa.
Rather this statement by `Isa only meant to indicate a closeness with Allah.
This is why when they said that they are Allah's children and loved ones, Allah refuted their claim, قُلْ فَلِمَ يُعَذِّبُكُم بِذُنُوبِكُم ( Say, "Why then does He punish you for your sins" ) meaning, if you were truly as you claim, Allah's children and loved ones, then why did He prepare the Fire because of your disbelief, lies and false claims بَلْ أَنتُمْ بَشَرٌ مِمَّنْ خَلَقَ ( Nay, you are but human beings, of those He has created, ) Allah states: you are just like the rest of the children of Adam, and Allah is the Lord of all His creation, يَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ ( He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. ) Allah does what He wills, there is none who can escape His judgement, and He is swift in reckoning. وَللَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ( And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them; ) Therefore, everything is Allah's property and under His power and control, وَإِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ ( and to Him is the return. ) In the end, the return will be to Allah and He will judge between His servants as He will, and He is the Most Just Who is never wrong in His judgment.

(5:17) Indeed those who said: 'Christ, the son of Mary, he is indeed God', disbelieved. *39 Say (O Muhammad!): 'Who could have overruled Allah had He so willed to destroy Christ, the son of Mary, and his mother, and all those who are on earth?' For to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them; He creates what He wills. *40 Allah is All-Powerful.

They have certainly disbelieved who say that meaning

*39).
The original mistake committed by the Christians in declaring Jesus to be a combination of human and divine essences turned Jesus into a mystery for them, and the more the Christian scholars tried to solve this mystery by resorting to conjecture and rhetorical extravagance the more involved the whole matter became.
Those who were more impressed by the humanity of Jesus stressed his being the son of God and considered him to be one of the three gods.
Those who were more impressed by the divinity of Jesus considered him to be none other than God, stressing that he was the human incarnation of God, and worshipped him as God.
Those who tried to strike a middle path spent all their efforts hammering out subtle verbal formulations of the Trinity that would allow people to consider the Messiah to be God and man at one and the same time, to affirm that God and the Messiah are independent and simultaneously constitute an inseparable whole ( see Surah 4, nn.
212, 213, 215 above ).

*40).
This statement hints at the childishness of those who have been misled into believing that the Messiah himself is God either because of his miraculous birth or because of his flawless moral character or because of the miracles which he performed.
The Messiah is merely a sign of the innumerable wonders of God's creation; a sign which somehow dazzled the eyes of those superficial people.
Had their perception been wider they would have been able to see that there are even more inspiring examples of His creation and infinite power.
If anything their attitude was indicative of the intellectual puerility of those who were so overawed by the excellence of a creature as to mistake him for the Creator.
Those whose intelligence penetrates through the excellence of creatures, who look upon them merely as signs of the magnificent power of God, and who are led by such observations to a reinforcement of faith in the Creator are truly wise.

 

The Polytheism and Disbelief of the Christians Allah states that the Christians are disbelievers because of their claim that `Isa, son of Maryam, one of Allah's servants and creatures, is Allah.
Allah is holier than what they attribute to Him.
Allah then reminds them of His perfect ability over everything and that everything is under His complete control and power, قُلْ فَمَن يَمْلِكُ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئاً إِنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُهْلِكَ الْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَأُمَّهُ وَمَن فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعاً ( Say: "Who then has the least power against Allah, if He were to destroy the Messiah, son of Maryam, his mother, and all those who are on the earth together" ) Therefore, if Allah wills to do that, who would be able to stop Him or prevent Him from doing it Allah then said, وَللَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَآءُ ( And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them.
He creates what He wills. ) All things in existence are Allah's property and creation and He is able to do everything.
He is never asked about what He does with His power, domain, justice and greatness so this refutes the Christian creed, may Allah's continued curses be upon them until the Day of Resurrection. Refuting the People of the Book's Claim that they are Allah's Children Allah then refutes the Christians' and Jews' false claims and lies, وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَـرَى نَحْنُ أَبْنَاءُ اللَّهِ وَأَحِبَّاؤُهُ ( And the Jews and the Christians say, "We are the children of Allah and His loved ones." ) They claim: "We are the followers of Allah's Prophets, who are His children, whom He takes care of.
He also loves us." The People of the Book claim in their Book that Allah said to His servant Isra'il, "You are my firstborn." But they explained this statement in an improper manner and altered its meaning.
Some of the People of the Book who later became Muslims refuted this false statement saying, "This statement only indicates honor and respect, as is common in their speech at that time." The Christians claim that `Isa said to them, "I will go back to my father and your father," meaning, my Lord and your Lord.
It is a fact that the Christians did not claim that they too are Allah's sons as they claimed about `Isa.
Rather this statement by `Isa only meant to indicate a closeness with Allah.
This is why when they said that they are Allah's children and loved ones, Allah refuted their claim, قُلْ فَلِمَ يُعَذِّبُكُم بِذُنُوبِكُم ( Say, "Why then does He punish you for your sins" ) meaning, if you were truly as you claim, Allah's children and loved ones, then why did He prepare the Fire because of your disbelief, lies and false claims بَلْ أَنتُمْ بَشَرٌ مِمَّنْ خَلَقَ ( Nay, you are but human beings, of those He has created, ) Allah states: you are just like the rest of the children of Adam, and Allah is the Lord of all His creation, يَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ ( He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. ) Allah does what He wills, there is none who can escape His judgement, and He is swift in reckoning. وَللَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ( And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them; ) Therefore, everything is Allah's property and under His power and control, وَإِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ ( and to Him is the return. ) In the end, the return will be to Allah and He will judge between His servants as He will, and He is the Most Just Who is never wrong in His judgment.

( They indeed have disbelieved who say: Lo! Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary ) this is the claim of the Jacobites. ( Say ) to these Christians, O Muhammad: ( Who then can do aught against Allah ) who can save from Allah’s punishment, ( if He had willed to destroy ) to punish ( the Messiah son of Mary, and his mother and everyone on earth? ) who worshipped her. ( Allah’s is the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth ) to Him belong the stores of the heavens and earth ( and all that is between them ) of created things and marvels. ( He createth what He will ) as He wills, whether a father exists or not. ( And Allah is Able to do all things ) in terms of creating created beings, rewarding His allies and punishing His enemies.

Surely, in disbelief are they who say that Allah is the Messiah, son of Maryam (Mary). Say (O Muhammad SAW): "Who then has the least power against Allah, if He were to destroy the Messiah, son of Maryam (Mary), his mother, and all those who are on the earth together?" And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them. He creates what He wills. And Allah is Able to do all things.

Page 110 English transliteration