Idgham Mutaqaribayn

Mutaqaribayn, as we have seen, means the two letters are close in articulation point and quality. Hafs made Idgham obligatory in the following cases:

1. Silent Lam into Raa: e.g. ﴾وَقُل رَّبِّ زِدْنِي عِلْمًا﴿ (Ta-Ha: 114); and ﴾بَل رَّفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ﴿ (An-Nisa': 158). The only exception is ﴾ كَلَّا بَلْ رَانَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِم مَّا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ﴿ (Al-Mutaffifin: 14), due to the obligatory Sakt on the Lam of "bal", which prevents Idgham.

2. Silent Noon and Tanween into Waw, Yaa, Raa, Meem, and Lam (letters of "wa yarmalu"):

Tanween with Waw: ﴾وَلاَ يَجِدْ لَهُ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلاَ نَصِيرًا﴿ (An-Nisa': 123)

Silent Noon with Yaa: ﴾فَوَيْلًا لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِن يَوْمِهِمُ الَّذِي يُوعَدُونَ﴿ (Adh-Dhariyat: 60)

Silent Noon with Raa: ﴾أُوْلَٴئِكَ عَلَى هُدًى مِن رَّبِّهِمْ﴿ (Al-Baqarah: 5)

Silent Noon with Meem: ﴾وَيُسْقَى مِن مَّاء صَدِيدٍ﴿ (Ibrahim: 16)

Silent Noon with Lam: ﴾وَيُإْتِ مِن لَّدُنْهُ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا﴿ (An-Nisa': 40)

The only exception is ﴾وَقِيلَ مَنْ رَاقٍ﴿ (Al-Qiyamah: 27), due to the obligatory Sakt on the Noon of "man".

Note: Reciters differed on the spelling of ﴾طسم﴿ (Ash-Shu'ara and Al-Qasas), between Idhar and Idgham of the Noon of "seen" into Meem. The transmission agreed upon for Hafs through all routes of Ash-Shatibiyyah is Idgham.

3. Silent Qaf into Kaaf: ﴾أَلَمْ نَخْلُقكُّم مِّن مَاء مَّهِينٍ﴿ (Al-Mursalat: 20)

4. The definite article Lam before the Sun Letters: Ttaa, Thaa, Saad, Raa, Taa, Ddaad, Dhaal, Noon, Daal, Seen, Ttthaa, Zaa, Sheen, Lam.

طِب ثـمّ صل رحما تفز ضِف ذا نعم

دع سوء ظن زر شريفا للكرم

These are remembered by the first letters of this line: "Ttib thumma sil rahman tafuz dif dha ni'am, da' su'a zzanni zur shareefan lilkaram."

Examples of this Idgham: at-tur, ath-thamarat, as-siraat, ar-rahman, at-tanad, ad-dalleen, adh-dhi'b, an-nas, ad-deen, as-sama, adh-dhalimeen, az-zakah, ash-shajarah, al-lamam.

﴾اهدِنَـــا الصِّرَاطَ المُسْتَقِيمَ﴿ (Al-Fatiha: 6)

﴾فَالزَّاجِرَاتِ زَجْرًا﴿ (As-Saffat: 2)