Holy Quran | Tajweed Rules | Complete letter reference table
Table of Articulation Points and Qualities
A comprehensive table linking each letter to its articulation point (Makhraj) and its qualities (Sifat), organized by articulation-point group, complementing the dedicated pages on articulation points and letter qualities.
| Al-Jawf (the cavity) — one articulation point | ||
| Letter | Label | Qualities |
| Madd Alif, Madd Waw, Madd Yaa | Jawfiyyah (cavity letters) | Jahr, Rakhawah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat |
| Al-Halq (the throat) — three articulation points | ||
| Hamzah | Halqiyyah | Jahr, Shiddah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat |
| Haa | Halqiyyah | Hams, Rakhawah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat |
| 'Ayn | Halqiyyah | Jahr, Bayniyyah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat |
| Haa (heavy) | Halqiyyah | Hams, Rakhawah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat |
| Ghayn | Halqiyyah | Jahr, Rakhawah, Isti'la, Infitah, Ismat |
| Khaa | Halqiyyah | Hams, Rakhawah, Isti'la, Infitah, Ismat |
| Al-Lisan (the tongue) — ten articulation points | ||
| Qaf | Lahawiyyah | Jahr, Shiddah, Isti'la, Infitah, Ismat, Qalqalah |
| Kaaf | Lahawiyyah | Hams, Shiddah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat |
| Jeem | Shajariyyah | Jahr, Shiddah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat, Qalqalah |
| Sheen | Shajariyyah | Hams, Rakhawah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat, Tafashshi |
| Ddaad | Shajariyyah | Jahr, Rakhawah, Isti'la, Itbaq, Ismat, Istitalah |
| Lam | Dhalqiyyah | Jahr, Bayniyyah, Istifal, Infitah, Idhlaq, Inhiraf |
| Noon | Dhalqiyyah | Jahr, Bayniyyah, Istifal, Infitah, Idhlaq |
| Raa | Dhalqiyyah | Jahr, Bayniyyah, Istifal, Infitah, Idhlaq, Inhiraf, Takreer |
| Ttaa | Nat'iyyah | Jahr, Shiddah, Isti'la, Itbaq, Ismat, Qalqalah |
| Taa | Nat'iyyah | Hams, Shiddah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat |
| Daal | Nat'iyyah | Jahr, Shiddah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat, Qalqalah |
| Saad | Asaliyyah | Hams, Rakhawah, Isti'la, Itbaq, Ismat, Safeer |
| Zaa | Asaliyyah | Jahr, Rakhawah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat, Safeer |
| Seen | Asaliyyah | Hams, Rakhawah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat, Safeer |
| Zhaa | Lathawiyyah | Jahr, Rakhawah, Isti'la, Itbaq, Ismat |
| Dhaal | Lathawiyyah | Jahr, Rakhawah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat |
| Thaa | Lathawiyyah | Hams, Rakhawah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat |
| Ash-Shafatan (the two lips) — two articulation points | ||
| Faa | Shafawiyyah | Hams, Rakhawah, Istifal, Infitah, Idhlaq |
| Waw (non-Madd) | Shafawiyyah | Jahr, Rakhawah, Istifal, Infitah, Ismat |
| Baa | Shafawiyyah | Jahr, Shiddah, Istifal, Infitah, Idhlaq, Qalqalah |
| Meem | Shafawiyyah | Jahr, Bayniyyah, Istifal, Infitah, Idhlaq |
| Al-Khayshoom (the nasal cavity) — one articulation point | ||
| Ghunnah (accompanies Meem and Noon) | — | An inherent quality, not an independent letter |
Tajweed Rules Index
Introduction to Tajweed
Virtue of Reading Quran Science of Tajweed Levels of Recitation Errors in Recitation The Seven Letters Science of Qira'at Etiquette of Recitation Isti'adhah & Basmalah Categories of SurahsArticulation Points & Qualities
Letter Articulation Points Names of Letters Main Articulation Points Letter Qualities Opposite Qualities Qualities Without Opposite Points & Qualities Table Tafkheem & TarqeeqIdgham (Merging) of Letters
Definition of Idgham Categories of Idgham Idgham Mutamathilayn Idgham Mutaqaribayn Idgham MutajanisaynRules of Madd in Tajweed
Categories of Madd Natural Madd Madd Al-Badal Obligatory Connected Madd Permissible Separate Madd Madd Lazim Madd 'Aaridh Lissukoon Madd As-SilahRules of Waqf (Stopping) & Ibtida'
Rules of Waqf As-Sakt Types of Waqf Rawm & Ishmam Hamzat Al-Wasl & Al-Qat' Stop Signs
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