Madd 'Aaridh Lissukoon

Madd 'Aaridh Lissukoon (the Madd Arising from Stopping)

Category: a branching Madd caused by an incidental sukoon.

Definition of Madd 'Aaridh Lissukoon: it occurs when a Madd letter is followed by a letter made silent incidentally, due to stopping (waqf).

Its categories and duration: Madd 'Aaridh Lissukoon is divided into several categories, according to the original nature of the Madd letter:

1. Madd 'Aaridh Lissukoon originating from a natural Madd: may be shortened (two counts), given a medium length (four counts), or lengthened fully (six counts) — i.e., 2-4-6. For example, stopping on:

— al-awtad in ﴾Wafir'awna dhi-l-awtad﴿ (Al-Fajr: 10) — when stopping on al-awtad, the Alif preceding the silent word-final Daal is lengthened two, four, or six counts.

— bid-deen in ﴾Kalla bal tukadhdhiboona bid-deen﴿ (Al-Infitar: 9)

— taf'aloon in ﴾Ya'lamoona ma taf'aloon﴿ (Al-Infitar: 12)

2. Madd 'Aaridh Lissukoon originating from a Leen Madd: likewise may be given two, four, or six counts. For example, stopping on:

— was-sayf in ﴾Eelaafihim rihlata-sh-shita'i was-sayf﴿ (Quraysh: 2) — this is a Madd 'Aaridh Lissukoon originating from a Leen Madd.

— al-bayt in ﴾Falya'budoo rabba hadha-l-bayt﴿ (Quraysh: 3)

— khawf in ﴾Alladhi at'amahum min joo'in wa'amanahum min khawf﴿ (Quraysh: 4)

3. Madd 'Aaridh Lissukoon originating from Madd Al-Badal: when stopping, may likewise be given two, four, or six counts. For example, stopping on:

— al-ma'ab in ﴾Wallahu 'indahu husnu-l-ma'ab﴿ (Aal-'Imran: 14)

— khati'een in ﴾Inna Fir'awna waHamana wajunoodahuma kanoo khati'een﴿ (Al-Qasas: 8)

— yura'oon in ﴾Alladheena hum yura'oon﴿ (Al-Ma'un: 6)

4. Madd 'Aaridh Lissukoon originating from the Obligatory Connected Madd when its Hamzah is word-final: when stopping, may be given four, five, or six counts (4-5-6). When continuing, however, it can only be given four or five counts, as explained in the section on the Obligatory Connected Madd. For example, stopping on:

— yasha' in ﴾Dhalika fadlullahi yu'teehi man yasha'﴿ (Al-Jumu'ah: 4)

— bis-soo' in ﴾In yathqafookum yakoonoo lakum a'da'an wayabsutoo ilaykum aydiyahum wa'alsinatahum bis-soo'﴿ (Al-Mumtahanah: 2)

— al-musee' in ﴾Wama yastawi-l-a'ma wal-baseeru walladheena aamanoo wa'amilu-s-salihati wala-l-musee'﴿ (Ghafir: 58)

Note: for Madd 'Aaridh Lissukoon, a medium or full length (four or six counts) is generally preferred.