Idhar

The Ruling of Idhar (Clear Pronunciation)

Linguistic definition of Idhar: clarity / making something clear.

Technical definition of Idhar: pronouncing each letter fully from its articulation point, without adding any nasalization (ghunnah) to the letter that follows the silent Noon. This requires clearly separating the silent Noon (or Tanween) from the following letter, with no pause between them.

Letters of Idhar: the silent Noon or Tanween is pronounced clearly (Idhar) when followed by one of the six throat letters: Hamzah, Haa, 'Ayn, Haa (heavy), Ghayn, and Khaa (ء ه ع ح غ خ). These letters are remembered by the first letters of the words: "Akhi haka 'alman hazahu ghayr khasir".

أخي هاك علما حازه غير خاسر.

Idhar of the silent Noon occurs both within a single word and across two words, while Idhar of the Tanween can only occur across two words.

Examples:

◆ Silent Noon with Hamzah

﴾وَمْن أَعْرَضَ عَن ذِكْرِي﴿ (Ta-Ha: 124)

◆ Tanween with Hamzah

﴾وَجَنَّاتً أَلْفَافًا﴿ (An-Naba': 16)

◆ Silent Noon with Haa

﴾وَمِنْهُمْ دُونَ ذَلِكَ﴿ (Al-A'raf: 168)

﴾وَهُمْ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ﴿ (Al-An'am: 26) — here two silent Noons occur: one meets Haa in "yanhawna", and another meets Hamzah in "wayan'awna" — both require clear Idhar.

◆ Tanween with Haa

﴾وَلِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ هَادِ﴿ (Ar-Ra'd: 7)

◆ Silent Noon with 'Ayn

﴾مَّا لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ عَاصِمٍ﴿ (Yunus: 27)

◆ Tanween with 'Ayn

﴾وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمً﴿ (Al-Baqarah: 29)

◆ Silent Noon with Haa (heavy)

﴾وَكَانُوا يَنْحِتُونَ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا ٖامِنِينَ﴿ (Al-Hijr: 82)

Marking the Silent Noon and Tanween in the Mushaf

— A sukoon mark is placed above the Noon when it is pronounced clearly (Idhar), e.g. An'amta.

— A clear Tanween is marked by writing the two vowel signs together (two dammas, two fathas, or two kasras): (see the ayah illustrations in the examples above).